Biomarker Correlates of Hypoxia in Metastatic Melanoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Must be 18 years or older with a histological diagnosis of locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic melanoma and be scheduled for clinically indicated surgical removal of one or more melanoma tumors. Additionally, patients must have a resectable tumor nodule ≥1 cm\^3 (i.e., either a spherical tumor at least 1.0 cm in diameter or a tumor measuring at least 1x1x1 cm). Prior biopsy is not required for study participation. * Not pregnant or nursing (as confirmed by serum pregnancy test if the patient is a woman of child-bearing potential). Participants must agree with use birth control for 30 days following pimonidazole administration. * Adequate kidney and liver function as assessed by laboratory studies * Must be able to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans * Capable of providing informed consent and demonstrate a willingness to comply with all the study procedures and visits * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0 -1 Exclusion Criteria: * Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding * Patients who are contraindicated for MRI or gadolinium contrast agents due to: * Presence of metallic objects or implanted medical devices in body (i.e., cardiac pacemaker, aneurysm clips, surgical clips, prostheses, skin staples, implanted prostheses, artificial heart valves with steel parts, metal fragments, shrapnel, or other metal implants that would contraindicate MRI) * Sickle cell disease * Renal failure with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 30 mL/min/1.73m\^2 based upon serum creatinine * Weight greater than 350 lbs (the weight limit for the MRI) * Patients with known, active (i.e. not adequately treated with curative intent) malignancies other than melanoma * Presence of any other co-existing condition which, in the judgment of the investigator, might increase the risk to the participant