Human Milk Profiles and Dietary Intake of Chinese Lactating Mothers During Early Lactation Period in Shanghai

Inclusion Criteria: * Generally healthy mothers who give birth to a healthy term infant (37-42 weeks) whose birth weight is \>10 and \<90 percentiles gestational birth weight chart. * Aged 20 - 40 years. * Mothers who intend to exclusively breastfeed the infant for more than 6 weeks. * Chinese ethnicity, including both parents. * Mothers who sign the informed consent form in writing. Exclusion Criteria: Mothers: * Participation in any other studies involving investigational or marketed products concomitantly or two weeks prior to entry into the study. * Difficult to follow up and/or locate (e.g. known transfer to other hospitals, residing outside Shanghai, plan to move out of Shanghai). * Current smoker or having smoked during the pregnancy. * Having consumed alcoholic drinks during pregnancy or lactation. * Illegal drug abuser: cannabinoids (marijuana, hashish), stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine), opioid (heroin, opium). * Acute infection disease or neoplastic disease or any kind of weakening or debilitating conditions (no history of positive HBV, HCV or HIV serological test at any time during the pregnancy). * Use of drug or pharmacologically active substances (e.g. herbal products, traditional medicine) to treat a particular disease or medical condition from the beginning of lactation ( those who consume herbal/traditional medicine for maintaining or improving well-being will still be included). * Presence of mastitis, fungal infections of the nipple or areola; reactivation of herpes simplex (HSV) or varicella zoster infection in the mammary or thoracic region at the time of enrolment. * Presence of endocrinology diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes. * Presence of obesity (pre-pregnancy BMI \> 28). * Presence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and hepatic diseases. * Presence of psychosis and severe post-partum depression. * Presence of autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease. * Women whose health condition, according to the investigator's judgement, could interfere with the study conduct and assessment. * Mothers who have given birth to twins or multiples or infant conceived with Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). * Elimination diet due to chronic allergic diseases or vegan. * Incapability of subject to comply with study protocol or investigator's uncertainty about the willingness or ability of the mothers to understand and comply with the protocol requirements. Infants: * Any congenital abnormality, chromosomal disorder or severe disease which could interfere with the study conduct and assessment.