Efficacy of Vitamin E in Preventing Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Angiography

Inclusion Criteria: 1. All patients whon have either stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or recent acute coronary disease (ACS) and are scheduled for coronary angiography. 2. Patients who have eGFR ≤60 ml/min/1.73 m2 Exclusion Criteria: 1. Allergy to contrast media 2. Cardiogenic shock 3. Pulmonary edema 4. Overt cardiac failure or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 30% 5. Acute kidney injury 6. The history of receiving contrast media for any medical diagnostic or therapeutic procedures during previous 5 days 7. The history of dialysis 8. Being pregnant 9. Having recent acute myocardial infarction 10. Taking antioxidants and nephrotoxic drugs including NSAID and ACE-I on previous 2 days