UPGRADE aims to see whether data from Pharmacogenomic Testing (PGx) can help physicians manage patient medication regimens and assess if the testing has an effect on reducing adverse drug reactions, hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The way an individual processes a drug is in part determined by their genes, and there is known to be genetic variation between humans in the way drugs are metabolized. The study of the way genes affect a person's response to drugs is known as "Pharmacogenomics."
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
279,000
Occurrence of Meaningful Change in Drug Regimen
The primary endpoint of the study is the binary occurrence of meaningful change in drug regimen, defined for each subject as: * A genotype known to affect a target drug is identified by PGx testing, AND * The treating physician makes at least one target drug regimen change in dose, frequency, or route of administration, or when target drug discontinuation or substitutions occur.
Time frame: 90 Days
Changes in target drug regimen over the 90-day period preceding receipt of PGx results, compared to the changes made in the 90-day period thereafter
Time frame: 90 days
Number of Target Drug-Related Adverse events (TDAE) over the 90-day period preceding receipt of PGx test results compared with the number over the 90-day period after the test
Time frame: 90 days
Target-drug related outpatient clinic visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations over the 90-day period prior to the receipt of PGx test results, compared to the number of visits over the 90-day period following testing.
Time frame: 90 Days
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