Parenteral Artesunate Compared to Quinine as a Cause of Late Anaemia in African Children With Malaria

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \> 6 months and ≤ 14 years * Acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, confirmed by positive blood smear with asexual forms of P. falciparum or mixed with non-falciparum species * Asexual P. falciparum parasitaemia ≥ 100,000/uL and ≤500,000/uL * Haemoglobin ≥5.0 g/dL * Parents/guardians agree to hospitalize the child for the length of treatment (3 days) and bring the patient for planned follow-up visits at day 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 * Signed consent from the guardian/parents Exclusion Criteria: * Body weight ≤ 5 kg * Severe malaria or signs of severe malaria as defined by WHO Guidelines 2013 * History of hypersensitivity or contraindication to quinine or artesunate * A clear history of adequate antimalarial treatment in the preceding 24 hours with drugs expected to be effective * Presence of intercurrent illness or any condition which in the judgement of the investigator would place the subject at undue risk or interfere with the patient treatment or results of the study * Participation in another clinical trial