NAC to Prevent Cisplatin-induced Hearing Loss

Phase 1CompletedNCT02094625

Children's Hospital Los Angeles52 enrolled

Overview

Cisplatin is a key chemotherapy agent for the treatment of multiple childhood cancers but causes permanent hearing loss. This study investigates the drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to determine the dose necessary to protect hearing and also how well tolerated NAC is when combined with chemotherapy.

The study is a dose-finding study of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to protect hearing in children receiving cisplatin for the treatment of their cancer. NAC also has potential to protect the kidneys from cisplatin toxicity. The study uses a 3+3 dose-escalation scheme to determine the dose of NAC necessary to achieve serum levels consistent with hearing protection in pre-clinical animal models. Three dose levels are predefined. Once the maximum tolerated dose is determined, an expansion cohort will then be enrolled to further evaluate tolerability as well as intra-patient and inter-patient variability in achieved serum levels. An option to enroll in a separate arm for study assessments only is available for those who do not wish to receive NAC. Hearing loss in the cohort will be assessed in the entire cohort in comparison to historical and non-treated children to evaluate for trends toward efficacy.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

NON_RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive Liver Neoplasms Osteosarcoma Other Childhood Cancers Using Cisplatin-based Regimens

Interventions

N-AcetylcysteineDRUG

NAC will be administered intravenously over \~60 minutes starting 4 hours following completion of cisplatin chemotherapy. Three dose levels have been pre-determined: Dose Level 1: 225 mg/kg Dose Level 2: 300 mg/kg Dose Level 3: 450 mg/kg Should Dose Level 3 exceed the MTD, the study will examine blood levels of NAC and if below the target blood level necessary for hearing protection, the study will "de-escalate" from Dose Level 3 to an intermediate Dose Level 2.5 and test a dose of 375 mg/kg. As of August 2018: Dose escalation completed with MTD not reached. Dose level 3 (450mg/kg) selected for expansion with NAC.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 1 YearMax age: 21 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Are between 1 and 21 years of age (inclusive) at time of diagnosis of underlying malignancy * Have a new diagnosis of a localized malignancy with a planned treatment course to include at least two cycles of cisplatin * Diagnosis to be assigned by oncology attending of record (may be reported via designee), histological diagnosis does not need to be confirmed separately * Most common but not exclusive diagnoses consist of hepatoblastoma, medulloblastoma, osteosarcoma * Total cumulative dose of planned cisplatin must be \>200 mg/m2 (or 6.67 mg/kg equivalent for infants requiring weight-based dosing. Conversion factor used is 30:1). * Cisplatin must be delivered over \<3 days * Planned cisplatin dose to be infused over ≤6 hours for ≤2 days per cycle * Are anticipated to be able to comply with end-of-therapy audiology assessment (note that hearing assessments are performed per routine clinical care in children receiving cisplatin and consist of an audiogram or auditory brainstem response, and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions) * Patients with any hearing status are eligible for study (as long as they can comply with the study primary aims of assessing toxicity and dose-response) Exclusion Criteria: * no preexisting risk of serious arrhythmia as defined by (a) normal sinus rhythm on electrocardiogram and corrected QT interval \<500 and (b) no previous history of congenital arrhythmia (e.g. Wolf-Parkinson-White) * Hepatic, biliary, cardiac, or bone marrow function inadequate for chemotherapy as per patient's treatment regimen. There are no additional protocol-specific restrictions for these markers. * Moderate or Severe Persistent Asthma as defined by the latest recommendations from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute definition includes daily asthma exacerbation with need for rescue medication) or an overnight hospitalization for asthma exacerbation within the previous 28 days * Disseminated disease (e.g. lepto-meningeal spread, tumor metastases) * Karnofsky or Lansky score \<50% * Pregnancy or breast-feeding mothers * Documented hypersensitivity or allergy to previous NAC infusion

Locations (1)

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Target Serum Level NAC

Following the first dose of cisplatin, NAC will be administered as described below. A NAC level will then be measured immediately following this first dose of NAC to determine if the blood (serum) level reaches the threshold necessary for hearing protection.

Time frame: On average up to 4 weeks from diagnosis

Secondary Outcomes

Adverse events during infusion of NAC

Subjects will be monitored during and after each NAC infusion to determine how well they tolerate the drug. Infusion rate related and spontaneously resolving "anaphylactoid" reactions are the most common reported toxicity and will be closely monitored. Most subjects will receive 3 cycles of cisplatin and NAC, typically within the first 15 weeks of starting chemotherapy. Subjects who continue to receive cisplatin and NAC for additional cycles will continue to be monitored.

Time frame: Up to approximately 40 weeks from start of chemotherapy (regimen dependent)

NAC Level

A NAC serum level will be measured surrounding the first dose of NAC at 4 times: 1. pre-cisplatin (baseline) 2. following cisplatin/before NAC 3. immediately following NAC (primary aim) 4. delayed four hours following NAC For those in the non-intervention arm, NAC serum levels will be measured at corresponding times as determined by the start of the cisplatin infusion.

Time frame: -6,0, 0.5, and 4 hours from start of first NAC dose (intervention)

Hearing assessment

Routinely performed hearing assessments will be analyzed at the end of therapy as compared to a historical cohort, non-treated, and to patient's baseline (if available) to evaluate for any trend toward a protective effect from NAC.

Time frame: Up to approximately 40 weeks from start of chemotherapy

Renal Toxicity

Information regarding renal toxicity due to cisplatin will be collected at end of therapy and compared to historical rates and non-treated patients to evaluate a potential protective effect by NAC

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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