The PALP™-COPD Trial (Low-Flow CO2-Removal (ECCO2-R) in Exacerbated COPD)

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male or female, and ≥40 years of age 2. Known history of COPD 3. Currently experiencing an exacerbation of COPD 4. P/F ratio \>150 mmHg 5. Currently endotracheally intubated and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (must have been on invasive mechanical ventilation for 24-48 hours) 6. Able to tolerate large bore intravenous (IV) cannulation required for proper operation of study device 7. For female patients of child-bearing potential, a negative urine or serum pregnancy test at screening; all female patients will be considered of child-bearing potential unless they are post menopausal for at least 1 year or have been surgically sterilized (bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy) 8. Written informed consent obtained according to local regulations; or, if unable to provide written informed consent due to incapacitation, a legally authorized representative is able to provide written informed consent on behalf of the patient Exclusion Criteria: 1. Any end-stage medical conditions with expected survival \<6 months 2. Tracheostomy 3. Unable to provide central venous access 4. Acute brain injury 5. Any legally authorized document(s) that may restrict aggressive medical management such as "Do Not Resuscitate," "Do Not Intubate," etc. 6. Risk of bleeding or clotting such as: * Known bleeding diathesis or abnormal clotting * Recent or current use of medications known to increase risk of bleeding 7. Screening platelet count of \<75,000/mm3 or international normalized ratio (INR) \>1.5 or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) \>1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) range for their respective laboratory values 8. Any recognized contra indications to systemic anticoagulation therapy or use of heparin 9. Body mass index (BMI) \>35 10. Any form of chronic hyperventilation not related to COPD 11. Hemodynamic instability or requiring significant vasopressor support 12. Cardiogenic or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema as the primary reason for respiratory failure 13. High risk cardiac conditions 14. Oxygen tension in arterial blood (PaO2) \<50 mmHg via arterial blood gas (ABG) or any condition in which hypoxemia is a significant component of the respiratory failure 15. Any other medical cause for acute respiratory failure not directly related to a COPD exacerbation 16. Use of or treatment with an investigational drug, therapy, or device within 1 month (30 days) of baseline 17. Female patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding 18. Patients who are immuno-compromised 19. Current active malignancy or history of malignancy within the past 5 years 20. Patients in chronic dialysis 21. Patients requiring extra-corporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to transplant 22. Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, would not be able to comply with the requirements of the study