The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship of metamemory and memory of elders and to evaluate the effectiveness of a metamemory cognitive intervention on elders with mild cognitive impairment and low memory self-efficacy.
There are 3 studies in the present research. Study 1 is a reliability and validity study of the Chinese Metamemory Scales. Study 2 is a cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between metamemory and memory of elders encountered in Hong Kong primary health care setting.Study 3 is an Effectiveness Study of Metamemory Cognitive Intervention on elders with mild cognitive impairment and low memory self-efficacy. This research has the following aims and hypotheses: Research Aims: 1. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Metamemory Scales 2. To explore the relationship between metamemory and memory of elders 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of a metamemory cognitive intervention on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) elders who have low memory self-efficacy Research Hypotheses: Study 1: The Chinese Metamemory Scales will show acceptable psychometric properties. Study 2: There is a positive correlation between metamemory (subjective memory) and memory (objective memory) and this relationship is mediated by stereotyped beliefs about memory ageing. Study 3: Comparing to Control Group, the Intervention Group will yield the following expected results: 1. There is an improvement in objective memory measures post-training. 2. There is an improvement in subjective memory measures post-training. 3. There is an improvement in mood measures post-training.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
60
Metamemory Cognitive Intervention
Research Site
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Objective Memory Measures
change from baseline in Hong Kong List Learning Test, 2nd Edition (HKLLT, Chan, A.S., 2006) for verbal episodic memory
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Objective Memory Measures
Change from baseline in Figure Recognition of Memory Assessment Scale (MAS, Williams, 1991) for visual episodic memory
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Objective Memory Measures
Change from baseline in Category Verbal Fluency Test (CVFT, categories to be chosen with reference to local studies by published by Chiu, H.F.K. et al., 1997 and Mok et al., 2004) for semantic memory
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Objective Memory Measures
Change from baseline in Digit Span and Visual Spatial Span from (MAS, Williams, 1991) for verbal and visual memory working memory
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Objective Memory Measures
Change from baseline in Event-based and Time-based Tasks for prospective memory (tasks to be developed with reference to the recommendations of Wilson, B.A. \& et al., 2008)
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Subjective Memory Measures
Change from baseline in the Chinese version of Memory Self-efficacy Scale (MSE, Frequency of Forgetting-10 Scale, Zelinski and Gilewski, 2004)
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Subjective Memory Measures
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Change from baseline in Chinese versions of the Abbreviated version of Memory Inventory for the Chinese (AMIC, Lam, Linda, C. W. \& et al., 2005)
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Subjective Memory Measures
Change from baseline in Chinese versions of the Anxiety about Memory (AM, a subscale of the Memory Functioning Questionnaire, Gilewski, Zelinski \& Schaie, 1990, for Study 1 only)
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16
Subjective Memory Measures
Change from baseline in Chinese versions of the Stereotypes about Memory Aging (SMA, Fort \& Gana, 2009)
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention at week 16