The Impact of Antimicrobial Treatment for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Renal Transplant Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who are ≥1 month and ≤ 12 months after renal transplantation. * Positive urine culture defined as ≥ 105 colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter of a known single pathogen. Exclusion Criteria: * Any one of the following signs and symptoms: fever, abdominal pain, dysuria, frequency, urgency, flank pain, costovertebral-angel tenderness or tenderness over the transplanted kidney * Active infections in another site * Leucocytosis (WBC \>18.000K/micl) or leucopenia (WBC \< 3.000 K/micl) * Elevation of serum creatinine of more than 15% of its baseline level * Obstructive or other urological complications following transplantation as known foreign device (stent/double-J-Cath, any catheter) in the urinary tract system, known obstruction of the transplanted kidney, indwelling or intermittent catheterization * Pregnant or lactating women. * Candidates to invasive urologic procedures. * Inability to return for regular follow up. * Previous enrollment in this study. * Patients who incapable of giving informed consent.