Cross-reactive Immunity Elicited by Oral and Parenteral Typhoid Vaccines

Overview

In a recent controlled study, the investigators explored cross-reactive immune responses against different Salmonella spp. in healthy volunteers immunized with either the oral (Vivotif® ) or parenteral (Typherix®) typhoid vaccines (ISRCTN68125331). In the present study immune responses will be studied in a group receiving both of these vaccines and in the previously immunized volunteers after booster immunization (same groups receive same vaccines 2-4 years after primary immunization).

Many Salmonella spp causing gastroenteritis share O antigen serotypes with Salmonella enteritidis subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S.typhi) and could therefore be in 'reach' of the protective efficacy of the oral live typhoid fever vaccine Vivotif®. Some of these Salmonellae are common causes of diarrhoea in travellers (0-30% of travellers diarrhea depending on the area). In a recent controlled study, the investigators showed that a cross-reactive immune response is elicited against different Salmonella spp. in healthy volunteers immunized with either the oral (Vivotif® ) or parenteral (Typherix®) typhoid vaccines (ISRCTN68125331). In the present study immune responses will be studied in a group receiving both of these vaccines and in previously immunized volunteers after booster immunization (same groups receive same vaccines 2-4 years after primary immunization; groups: Vivotif / Typherix / Vivotif + Typherix). The results are compared to those obtained after primary immunization.

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