The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of administration of daratumumab when combined with VELCADE (bortezomib) and dexamethasone compared with bortezomib and dexamethasone alone, for participants with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
This is an open-label (physicians and participants know the identity of the assigned treatment), randomized (the study medication is assigned by chance), multicenter, active-controlled study comparing daratumumab, VELCADE, and dexamethasone (DVd) with VELCADE and dexamethasone (Vd) in participants with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Approximately 480 participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either DVd or Vd. Randomization will be stratified by International Staging System (ISS), number of prior treatment programs (1 vs. 2 or 3 vs. \>3), and prior VELCADE treatment ("no" vs. "yes"). Within each stratum, participants will be randomized to one of the treatment groups.The study will consist of a Screening Phase, a Treatment Phase, and a Follow-up Phase. Participants will be treated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other reasons to discontinue the study.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
498
Daratumumab will be administered as an IV infusion or 16 mg/kg weekly for the first 3 cycles, on Day 1 of Cycles 4-9, and then every 4 weeks thereafter. As per protocol amendment-6 participants receiving treatment with daratumumab IV will have the option to switch to daratumumab SC 1800 mg on Day 1 of any cycle, at the discretion of the investigator.
VELCADE will be administered at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 subcutaneously (SC) on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of each 21-day cycle. Eight VELCADE treatment cycles are to be administered.
Dexamethasone will be administered orally at 20 mg on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 12 of the first 8 VELCADE treatment cycles.
Progression-free Survival (PFS)
PFS was defined as duration from date of randomization to either progressive disease (PD)/death, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of greater than equal to (\>=)25 percent (%) in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter (g/dL); Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL; Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to PC proliferative disorder.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to either progressive disease or death, whichever occurred first (approximately 1 year 4 months)
Time to Disease Progression (TTP)
TTP was defined as time from date of randomization to date of first documented evidence of progressive disease (PD). PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of \>=25% in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 g/dL; Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL); Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to Plasma Cell (PC) proliferative disorder.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documented evidence of progression or death due to PD whichever occurred first (approximately 6 years 9 months)
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Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Los Angeles, California, United States
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Stamford, Connecticut, United States
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Jacksonville, Florida, United States
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Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Niles, Illinois, United States
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Topeka, Kansas, United States
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Westwood, Kansas, United States
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Marrero, Louisiana, United States
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Boston, Massachusetts, United States
...and 95 more locations
Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better
Response rate of VGPR or better was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved VGPR and CR (including sCR) according to the IMWG criteria during or after the study treatment. IMWG criteria for VGPR: Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis, or \>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein \<100 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>90% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required; CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR and normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.
Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)
Overall Response Rate (ORR)
The Overall response rate was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), or partial response (PR) according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria, during the study or during follow up. IMWG criteria for PR: \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>=50% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required.
Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)
Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)
The Minimal Residual Disease negativity rate was defined as the percentage of participants who had negative MRD assessment at any timepoint after the first dose of study drugs by evaluation of bone marrow aspirates or whole blood. MRD was assessed in participants who achieved complete response or stringent complete response (CR/sCR). IMWG criteria for CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.
Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall Survival was measured from the date of randomization to the date of the participant's death.
Time frame: Up to 6 years 9 months