The purpose of this study is to to conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention group and a control group to evaluate the feasibility of the Promoting First Relationships method in an American Indian community through their tribal Health Promotion program, and to assess the efficacy of the method in this community.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
225
The intervention consists of delivering the Promoting First Relationship (PFR) program. PFR comprises 10 sessions and lasts approximately 12 weeks. Each session begins with a brief discussion and education on the target topic for that week . Then 20 minutes is spent on video recording a structured interaction between the caregiver and child or viewing the previous session's recording and engaging in reflective discussion about successful caregiving strategies and child's response to caregiver behavior (alternating weeks). Trained PFR specialists who are community members use the 5 "consultation strategies," labeled Joining, Positive Feedback, Instructive Feedback, Reflective Questions and Comments, and Instruction with Handouts.
The Resource \& Referral program consists of 1) an initial needs assessment to determine if the enrolled family has any unmet needs (housing, financial, health, mental health, etc…), 2) a tailored resource and referral packet will be mailed to the participant with the most important referrals marked, 3) a follow-up call will be made two weeks after mailing the packet to verify that the participant has received it, and 4) a second follow-up call will be made three months after the initial session, to assess types of services actually received, barriers to receiving services, and reassessing resources needed and providing additional referrals if needed.
MBIRI
Eagle Butte, South Dakota, United States
Change in Quality of caregiver-child interactions from baseline at 3 months and 6 months
We are using the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Teaching Scales to assess quality of caregiver-child interactions. Caregivers select an activity that their child cannot perform, such as drawing, and spend up to 5 minutes teaching this activity to the child. The interaction is video-recorded and coded for the caregiver's sensitivity to cues, response to distress, and fostering of social, emotional, and cognitive growth, as well as for the child's clarity of cues and responsiveness to the caregiver.
Time frame: Baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups
Change in Caregiver helplessness from baseline at 3 months and 6 months
Caregiver helplessness is measured by the Caregiving Helplessness Questionnaire, comprising 45 items specific to interactions with the child. We evaluate 2 subscales for this study: Mother-Child Frightened and Mother Helplessness ("mother" is changed to "caregiver")
Time frame: Baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups
Change in Caregiver stress from baseline at 3 months and 6 months
Caregiver stress is measured by the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form, a 36-item questionnaire with 3 subscales: caregiver distress, caregiver-child dysfunctional interaction, and difficult child.
Time frame: Baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups
Change in Child Social-emotional Competence from baseline at 3 months and 6 months
Children's social-emotional competencies are measured with the Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, a caregiver-report questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow ups
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