This study examined the effect of a high protein or high carbohydrate breakfast on the glucose and insulin response following the breakfast meal, as well as the subsequent response following the lunch meal.
Twelve habitual breakfast consumers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited for the study. They completed two, 7-day conditions in random order with a minimum of a 7-day washout period between study days. They consumed either a high protein (PRO) or high carbohydrate (CHO) breakfast for 6 days of acclimatization, and on the seventh day, they reported to the lab at 0700 hours following a \~12 hour overnight fast and underwent forearm catheterization before a baseline blood draw. The participants consumed the respective breakfast at \~0730 hours. Four hours post-breakfast, subjects consumed a standard lunch meal. Blood samples were taken continuously throughout the 8-hour test day.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
12
a high protein breakfast - 500 kcal (35% protein, 45% CHO, 20% fat)
a high carbohydrate breakfast - 500 kcal (15% protein, 65% CHO, 20% fat)
Plasma Glucose Level Post-meal (AUC [0-4])
AUC for 4 hr after breakfast and after lunch
Time frame: 0-240 and 240-480
Post-meal Level of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP) (AUC)
AUC for 4 hr after breakfast and after lunch
Time frame: 0-240 and 240-480
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