Closed-Loop Glucagon Administration For Hypoglycemia Treatment

Massachusetts General Hospital31 enrolled

Overview

This study will test the hypothesis that a wearable automated bionic pancreas system that automatically delivers glucagon only can prevent or treat hypoglycemia vs. usual care for people with type 1 diabetes \> 21 years old.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

TRIPLE

Enrollment

Conditions

Type 1 Diabetes

Interventions

Glucagon-only Bionic PancreasDEVICE

A computer algorithm will automatically deliver glucagon based on the signal from a minimally invasive continuous glucose monitor.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 21 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 21 years or older with type 1 diabetes for at least one year. * Otherwise healthy (mild chronic disease such as asthma, hypertension, and depression will be allowed if well controlled). * Self-reported frequency of documented hypoglycemia (BG \< 60 mg/dl) of at least 2 times per week * Partial hypoglycemic unawareness (inconsistent symptoms with BG \< 50 mg/dl) or hypoglycemic unawareness (minimal or no symptoms with BG \< 50 mg/dl) Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to provide informed consent. * Unable to comply with study procedures. * Current participation in another diabetes-related clinical trial other than one that is primarily observational in nature. * Pregnancy (positive urine HCG), breast feeding, plan to become pregnant in the immediate future, or sexually active without use of contraception * History of cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis, or other pancreatic disease other than type 1 diabetes * End stage renal disease on dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis). * Any known liver or biliary disease including cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, any form of viral hepatitis. * Congestive heart failure (established history of CHF, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, or orthopnea). * Acute illness or exacerbation of chronic illness at the time of the study. * Seizure disorder or history of hypoglycemic seizure in the last 1 year * History of pheochromocytoma. Fractionated metanephrines will be tested in patients with history increasing the risk for a catecholamine secreting tumor: * Untreated or inadequately treated mental illness (indicators would include symptoms such as psychosis, hallucinations, mania, and any psychiatric hospitalization in the last year). * Current alcohol abuse (intake averaging \> 3 drinks daily in last 30 days) or substance abuse (any use within the last 6 months of controlled substances without a prescription). * Electrically powered implants (e.g. cochlear implants, neurostimulators) that might be susceptible to RF interference. * History of adverse reaction to glucagon (including allergy) besides nausea and vomiting. * Unwilling or unable to completely avoid acetaminophen during the study period. * Any factors that, in the opinion of the principal investigator, would interfere with the safe completion of the study procedures.

Locations (1)

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) Glucose Total Area Over the Curve and Less Than 60 mg/dl

Time frame: From t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Percentage of Time CGM Glucose Less Than 70 mg/dl Overnight and During Daytime

Time frame: 2 weeks

Number of Hypoglycemic Episodes With CGMG < 50 mg/dl

Time frame: From t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Number of Hypoglycemic Episodes With CGMG < 60 mg/dl

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Number of Hypoglycemic Episodes With CGMG < 70 mg/dl

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Fraction of Time Spent Within Each of the Following Glucose Ranges as Determined From All CGMG Measurements: < 70 mg/dl,70-120 mg/dl,70-180 mg/dl, >180 mg/dl, >250 mg/dl

Time frame: from t=0 to stud stop after 2 weeks

Count of Subjects With Mean CGMG < 154mg/dl

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Mean CGMG During Exercise

Times of exercise were not collected during the study, and therefore this outcome cannot be calculated.

Time frame: 2 weeks

Mean Absolute Relative Deviation (MARD) vs. Subset of BG Measurements Before Meals and at Bedtime

Blood sugar measurements were not specified as before meals and before bed during the study, so we are unable to calculate and report this outcome.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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Mean Absolute Relative Deviation (MARD) Between Capillary Blood Glucose and CGM Glucose Values

Paired values between the blood glucose measurements and CGM glucose measurements were compared, and the percent difference was recorded. The mean of the absolute value of all the differences is reported here, and reflects the accuracy of the CGM glucose measurements relative to the capillary blood glucose measurements.

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Number of Hypoglycemic Events (< 60 mg/dl) as Determined From BG Measurements

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Average BG as Determined From the Measurements Taken Before Meals and Before Bedtime

Blood sugar measurements were not specified as before meals and before bed during the study, so we are unable to calculate and report this outcome.

Time frame: 2 weeks

Percentage of the BG Values Taken Before Meals and Before Bedimte Less Than 70 mg/dl

Blood sugar measurements were not specified as before meals and before bed during the study, so we are unable to calculate and report this outcome.

Time frame: 2 weeks

Number of All BG Values Less Than 70 mg/dl

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Number of Study Days With Mean BG < 154 mg/dl

Time frame: 2 weeks

Fraction Measurements Within Each of the Following Glucose Ranges as Determined From HemoCue Measurements Taken Before Meals and Before Bed: < 70 mg/dl,70-120 mg/dl,70-180 mg/dl,>180 mg/dl,>250 mg/dl

Blood sugar measurements were not specified as before meals and before bed during the study, so we are unable to calculate and report this outcome.

Time frame: 2 weeks

Mean BG During Exercise

Times of exercise were not collected during the study, and therefore this outcome cannot be calculated.

Time frame: 2 weeks

• Fraction of BG Values < 70 During Exercise Fraction of BG Values < 70 During Exercise

Times of exercise were not collected during the study, and therefore this outcome cannot be calculated.

Time frame: 2 weeks

Number of Carbohydrate Interventions for Hypoglycemia

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Total Number of Grams of Carbohydrate Taken for Hypoglycemia

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Insulin Total Daily Dose

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

• Number of Carbohydrate Interventions for Hypoglycemia During the Daytime (7:00 AM - 11:00 PM)

Timing of carbohydrate consumption for treatment of hypoglycemia was not collected during the study, so this outcome cannot be calculated

Time frame: 2 weeks

Total Number of Grams of Carbohydrate Taken for Hypoglycemia During the Daytime (7:00 AM - 11:00 PM)

Timing of carbohydrate consumption for treatment of hypoglycemia was not collected during the study, so this outcome cannot be calculated

Time frame: 2 weeks

Number of Carbohydrate Interventions for Hypoglycemia Overnight (11:00 PM - 7:00 AM)

Timing of carbohydrate consumption for treatment of hypoglycemia was not collected during the study, so this outcome cannot be calculated

Time frame: 2 weeks

Total Number of Grams of Carbohydrate Taken for Hypoglycemia Overnight (11:00 PM - 7:00 AM)

Timing of carbohydrate consumption for treatment of hypoglycemia was not collected during the study, so this outcome cannot be calculated

Time frame: 2 weeks

Total Glucagon Dosing (mcg/kg/24 Hours)

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks

Episodes of Nausea Per Day on Glucagon vs Placebo

Time frame: from t=0 to study stop after 2 weeks