GOS Prebiotic Effect in Children Constipation

Overview

Some prebiotics are useful for improving symptoms related to constipation, but clinical trials including infants and older children are scarce. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on functional constipation in children and adolescents. Twenty children aged 4 to 16 years of age, who spontaneously sought medical care at a primary healthcare unit, received 1.7g GOS or placebo (Maltodextrin) treatment for 30 days, followed by a 15-day washout period and a 30-day use of an alternative product. A clinical score was calculated at baseline, at the 15th (D15) and 30th (D30) day of each period, to assess bowel movement frequency, straining/ pain during defecation and stool consistency. Oral anal transit time with activated charcoal was determined at baseline and D30 of each period.

Constipation is a common symptom in the pediatric clinics. It is usually defined in terms of difficulty of passage of faeces, faecal consistency and frequency of evacuation. A diet containing high amounts in fiber can promote beneficial effects constipation therapy. Beside the fiber, functional foods, such as prebiotics, have been considered useful to regulate bowel movements. Prebiotic is defined as nondigestible food components that affect the host for stimulating selectively growth of potentially beneficial bacteria in the intestines, specially the colon. Nowadays, there are few clinical trials evaluating prebiotic use for relieving constipation symptoms in children. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of Galactooligossacharides (GOS) on constipated children. The trial consisted of a 75-day period double blind intervention, controlled with placebo and cross over delimitation, with two sequences of evaluation and two treatments, placebo and galactooligossacharides. It included 20 children (4-16 years) with functional constipation defined by the ROMA III criteria. Children have received 6g of GOS or 6g Maltodextrin (placebo), the solution was ingested for 30 days, followed by a washout period of 15 days, and afterwards, 30 more days of GOS or Maltodextrin, alternately with the product ingested in the first 30 days. The study was designed according to crossover delimitation (GOS and Placebo). Eleven patients were evaluated according to the sequence GOS/placebo and nine patients with the sequence Placebo/GOS. A severity score was measured at the beginning, 2nd and 4th week in each experiment. Clinical scores, elaborated for this Trial, were used to evaluate the effect of the products considering: stool frequency, presence of pain/discomfort/effort during evacuation, consistency of stool and loss of appetite or early satiety. Scores were calculated at day zero (D0), 15th day (D15) and 30th day (D30) of the study, in each phase of the "crossover". Oroanal transit evaluation was performed on D0 and D30 of each sequence, by activated charcoal ingestion. Descriptive analysis trough measures of position and dispersion were realized for numerical variables. ANOVA was used for the analysis of GOS effect. The significance level assumed for the statistical tests was 5%. The GOS presented significant effect compared to placebo, reducing the stool consistency p\< 0,0001 and rising the stool frequency, p=0,0014. The value of the oroanal transit time were significant lower in GOS period, p\<0,0001. GOS was effective at the improvement of mild constipation symptoms and may represent an alternative option for the therapy of this condition.