The purpose of this study is to determine if oral iron (Fe) polysaccharide is superior to oral placebo in improving functional capacity as measured by change in peak VO2 (oxygen uptake) by CPET (Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing) , of a broad population of patients with HFrEF (Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) and Fe deficiency at 16 weeks. Hypothesis: In a broad population of HFrEF patients with Fe deficiency, compared to oral placebo, therapy with oral Fe polysaccharide will be associated with improvement in functional capacity at 16 weeks as assessed by CPET.
Therapeutic options to further improve functional capacity and symptoms in HF beyond neurohormonal antagonism are limited. Studies have demonstrated impaired oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle among HF patients, which may contribute to symptoms of breathlessness and persistent fatigue. In addition to its role in erythropoiesis, iron (Fe) plays a critical role in skeletal muscle's oxygen (O2)-storage capacity (myoglobin) and systemic aerobic energy production. As Fe deficiency is common in patients with symptomatic HF, repletion of iron stores may improve submaximal exercise capacity among these patients beyond the effects on erythropoiesis. While intravenous Fe repletion in HF patients with mild Fe-deficiency (i.e. Ferritin \<100 or Ferritin 100-299 with transferrin saturation \<20%) with or without anemia global well-being and functional status, oral Fe repletion has not been studied. Furthermore, the efficacy of oral Fe to replete iron stores in a similar population and its impact on functional capacity, measured objectively by peak VO2, remains unknown.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
225
Oral Iron
Sugar capsule designed to mimic Polysaccharide Iron Complex.
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Change in Peak VO2 (ml/Min) (VO2 =Oxygen Consumption)
To determine if oral Fe (Iron) polysaccharide is superior to oral placebo in improving functional capacity as measured by change in peak VO2 by CPET (Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing) , of a broad population of patients with HFrEF (Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) and Fe deficiency at 16 weeks.
Time frame: Baseline (BL) and Week 16
Change From Baseline in Sub-maximal Exercise Capacity as Assessed by the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
To determine the impact of oral Fe repletion on Submaximal exercise capacity as measured by 6MWT
Time frame: Measured at BL, week 8 and week 16
Change in Plasma NT-pro BNP
To determine the impact of oral Fe repletion on Plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP)
Time frame: Measured at Baseline and Week 16
Change in Health Status: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) - Clinical Summary Score
To determine the impact of oral Fe repletion on Health Status: KCCQ. KCCQ is a 23-item, self administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life for patients with congestive heart failure. It is a predictive tool that tracks how patients are doing if they have weakened heart muscle due to prior heart attacks, heart valve problems, viral infections, or other causes. The KCCQs questions are used to calculate scores in ten domains. Physical Limitation, Symptom Stability, Frequency, Burden and Total Symptom. Social Limitation, Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Clinical Summary. Overall summary: a combined measure of all the above. For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness and interpretability have been independently established. Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status.
Time frame: Measured at Baseline, Week 8 and Week 16
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Tufts Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Saint Louis University Hospital
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina, United States
University Hospitals-Case Medical Center
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
...and 7 more locations
Change From Baseline in O2 Uptake Kinetics as Assessed by Mean Response Time From CPET
To determine the impact of oral Fe repletion on O2 Uptake Kinetics as measured by CPET
Time frame: Measured at BL week 16
Change From Baseline in Ventilatory Efficiency Defined by Ve/VCO2
Change from baseline in Ventilatory Efficiency defined by Ve/VCO2 (carbon dioxide output) as measured by CPET
Time frame: Measured at BL week 16