Intravascular Ultrasound Evaluation of Renal Nerves in Different Diseases

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Resistant hypertension group * blood pressure remains above goal in spite of the concurrent use of three or more anti-hypertensive agents(including a diuretic) at adequate doses. * agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations 2. Essential hypertension group * systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or current use of anti-hypertensive medication with a normal blood pressure or mean ambulatory blood pressure during the 24-hour≥130/80 mmHg. * not resistant to pharmacotherapy. * agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations 3. Chronic heart failure group * New York Heart Association class II-III symptoms, or American College of Cardiology(ACC) / American Heart Association(AHA) heart failure classification B-C class of chronic heart failure. * currently or prior have the signs of heart failure, such as elevated jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, pulmonary crepitations, ect. * Systolic left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by echocardiogram with left ventricular ejection fraction \< 40%. * agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations 4. Control group * no history of arterial hypertension, heart failure and diabetes * going to take a vascular interventional examination during hospitalization * agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations All patients have full capacity for civil conduct and agree to sign the Medical Informed Consent. Exclusion Criteria: * hemodynamically or anatomically significant renal artery stenosis. * renal artery variation. * renal artery diameter \< 4 mm, trunk length \< 20 mm. * secondary hypertension with known causes and pseudo-hypertension. * has experienced myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, or cerebrovascular accident within 6 months. * has an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker. * requires respiratory support. * is pregnant or planning to be pregnant. * cardiovascular diseases with sever hemodynamic disorder. * type 1 diabetes mellitus. * currently enrolled in another investigational drug or device trial. * civil disability or limited capacity for civil conduct. * other conditions researchers considered unsuitable for enrolled in the trial.