Initial Evaluation of a Telomerase-based Circulating Tumor Cell Assay in Bladder Cancer Cohorts

Inclusion Criteria: * a.Urothelial carcinoma or mixed urothelial carcinoma arising from the bladder * b.Age 18 or older * Inclusions by cohort Cohort 1. Patients with localized muscle-invasive disease (cT1,cN0, M0) at the time of initial diagnosis or who have progressed from superficial disease (cT2) who have not had any systemic chemotherapy and who will be treated with upfront radical cystectomy. PriorTURBT and intravesical therapies are allowed but should not have been done within one week of CTC measurement. If the patient is found to have no evidence of tumor (pT0) upon evaluation of the cystectomy specimen, the patient will not be dropped. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by any clinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be dropped from Cohort 1 and included in Cohort 9 instead. * Cohort 2. Patients with localized muscle-invasive disease (cT1, cN0, M0) at the time of initial diagnosis prior to definitivechemo-radiation. Prior TURBT and intravesical therapies are allowed but should not have been done within one week of CTC measurement. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by anyclinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be droppedfrom Cohort 2 and included in Cohort 9 instead. * Cohort 3. Patients with localized muscle-invasive disease (cT1, cN0, M0) at the time of initial diagnosis or who have progressed from superficial disease (cT2) who have not had any systemic chemotherapy and who will be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prior TURBT and intravesical therapies are allowed but should not have been done within one week of CTC measurement. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by any clinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be dropped from Cohort 3 and included in Cohort 9 instead. * Cohort 4. Patients with metastatic disease (anyT, anyN, M1) at initial presentation or recurrent after definitive treatment prior to any salvage systemic chemotherapy. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by any clinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be dropped from Cohort 4 and included in Cohort 9 instead. * Cohort 5. Patients with newly diagnosed non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (T2) prior to any intravesical therapy. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by any clinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be dropped. * Cohort 6. Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy with or without peri-operative systemic chemotherapy (pT2, anyN, M0) who will be treated with adjuvant radiation. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by any clinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be dropped from Cohort 6 and includedin Cohort 9 instead. * Cohort 7. Patients with a history of muscle invasive bladder cancer (cT1, any N,M0) who have no evidence of disease at least 2 years after the date of radical cystectomy. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by any clinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be dropped from Cohort 7 but may be considered for inclusion in Cohort 4. * Cohort 8. Patients with a history of muscle invasive bladder cancer (cT1, any N, M0) who have no evidence of disease at least 2 years after the completion of definitive chemo-radiation. If the patient is found to have evidence of progression by any clinical evaluation performed within 2 months of the post-treatment sample, the patient will be dropped from Cohort 8 but may be considered for inclusion in Cohort 4. * Cohort 9. Patients who were initially included in Cohorts 1-6 but were found to have progression at the time of their post-treatment blood draw. Of note, patients may be included in more than one cohort over time so long as inclusion and exclusion criteria are met. In addition, twenty samples from normal controls without any history of malignancy will be used for this study but havealready been collected as part of a separate protocol. Exclusion Criteria: * pure squamous or pure adenocarcinoma bladder cancer histology. This exclusion may be waved at the discretion of the protocol PI. 2. Prior cancer diagnosed within 3 years of enrollment other than a prior bladder, prostate, or skin cancer. This exclusion may be waved at the discretion of the protocol PI.