Effects of Neuromuscular Blockade Level and Intra-abdominal Pressure on Surgical Conditions and Cardiopulmonary Responses During Laparoscopic Colon Surgery With the Trendelenburg Position

Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MBP)

Mean arterial blood pressure measured during laparoscopic surgery. The mean arterial blood pressure was measured with an arterial waveform analysis system (FloTrac/EV1000, version 4.0; Edwards Life Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA) from the radial artery.

Time frame: 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after onset of laparoscopy

Stroke Volume Index (SVI)

Stroke volume index during the surgery. The stroke volume index was measured with an arterial waveform analysis system (FloTrac/EV1000, version 4.0; Edwards Life Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA) from the radial artery.

Time frame: 1, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after onset of laparoscopy

PaO2

PaO2 measured during laparoscopic surgery. The PaO2 (arterial partial pressure of oxygen) was measured with the blood gas analyzer (GEM Premier 3000, Model 5700; Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA).

Time frame: 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after onset of laparoscopy

Pulmonary Compliance

Pulmonary compliance during laparoscopic surgery. The pulmonary compliance was calculated from the plateau and peak inspiratory pressures, positive end-expiratory pressure, and tidal volume measured with an anesthetic machine (Primus; Dräger, Lübeck, Germany).

Time frame: 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after onset of laparoscopy

Surgical Rating Scale

The surgical rating scale was assessed by the surgeon and graded as a five-point scale: optimal, good, acceptable, poor, and extremely poor conditions.

Time frame: 1 min after laparoscopic procedure