Contrast enhanced 3D/4D (3 dimension/4 dimension) ultrasound (CEUS) provides visualization of the dynamic vascular features of the plaques, in a unique spatial format using three orthogonal planes and angiogram-like images. Therefore, the observer can utilize the entire vascular system in a volumetric manner (3D). The rotation of the intra-plaque neovasculature as viewed in various angles provides a realistic representation that is more easily appreciated. Inter-observer variability for individual plaques has been assessed and inter-observer variability and inter-scan variability (the analysis of multiple images from single patients in longitudinal studies) were dependent on plaque size, with larger plaques showing lower variability. Therefore, the proposed 3D/4D vs. 2D CEUS imaging of the carotid plaque will provide added value for the depiction of the and quantification of intra-plaque blood vessel density by providing a true volumetric viewing area. This data will be correlated to the subsequent surgical specimens. The goal of the protocol is to investigate the correlation of intra-plaque blood vessel density and hemorrhage to 3D/4D CEUS vasa vasorum using quantitative software analyses. The histology methods used for quantification of hemorrhage and vessel density analyses.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
50
Rambam Health Care Center
Haifa, Haifa District, Israel
Carotid plaque vascularization as seen on CEUS and histology compared to 3 year follow up of cardiovascular events.
Post processing of CEUS data for carotid plaque vascularization. In addition all carotid artery histology specimens, routinely obtained at the time of surgery at each center, will be analyzed to include the following tissue stains: CD3, CD31, CD38 and Hemosiderin.
Time frame: Post processing of CEUS will be done up to 3 years post surgery
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