Effects of Neuromodulation on Verbal Fluency in Post-stroke Aphasia

Inclusion Criteria: * \>6 months post-stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) * receptive or expressive aphasia * little or no improvement in language ability in the preceding 3 months Exclusion Criteria: * persons under the age of 18 or over the age of 75 * patients with pure receptive aphasia * co-morbid CNS disease * primary motor/oral apraxia * pregnant or nursing women * have a history of unstable mood disorder or unstable anxiety disorder or psychosis * use of a hearing aid * have a cochlear implant * have a diagnosed vestibular dysfunction * abuse alcohol or other drugs * have had eye surgery within the previous three months or ear surgery within the previous six months * have active ear infections or a perforated tympanic membrane * have participated in another clinical trial within the last 30 days or are currently enrolled in another clinical trial * Though not excluded, patients taking anti-histamines or anti-nausea drugs will be encouraged not to take such medications within four hours prior to a CVS treatment. The Investigator should review other medications taken by the patient with properties that mimic anti-nausea or anti-dizziness drugs as these may reduce responsiveness of the vestibular system to caloric stimulation.