Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Periodontal Response to Different Prosthetic Margin Design

Inclusion Criteria: The patient inclusion criteria were as follows: 1. dentate patients treatment planned for single unit restorations in the esthetic zone (from 1st premolar forward) 2. periodontal probing depth prior to tooth preparation ≤4mm, with no bleeding on probing and no plaque 3. \>30 years of age 4. full mouth plaque score (FMPS) and full mouth bleeding scores (FMBS) \<20% at study baseline 5. eventual loss of attachment limited only to areas different from the sites included in the study. The patient exclusion criteria were as follows: 1. patient with medical history in which any dental intervention would be contraindicated 2. any local or systemic disease, condition or medication that might compromise healing and affect the periodontium 3. dental caries or periodontal disease in the remaining teeth 4. inability or unwillingness to return for follow-up visit. Exlusion Criteria: 1. patients with systemic diseases (such as heart, coagulation, and leukocyte diseases or metabolic disorders) 2. history of radiation therapy in the head and neck region within 12 months prior to surgical phase 3. current treatment with steroids 4. neurological or psychiatric condition that could interfere with good oral hygiene 5. immunocompromised status, including infection with human immunodeficiency virus 6. smoking habit (more than 10 cigarettes/day) 7. drug or alcohol abuse 8. inadequate compliance 9. patients who received bone regeneration procedure