The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute and chronic effects of consumption fructose containing sugars and glucose in a real word setting when consumed in a manner and amount typical in the American diet.
Detailed description (Why and How?) Fructose is known to be metabolized differently than the other common monosaccharides. In addition to the well know lipogenic effects, more recent evidence has shown that the acute changes in hormones and metabolic parameters that control appetite and energy regulation when with fructose consumption may promote caloric overconsumption and, in the long-term, weight gain and deteriorations in insulin sensitivity. However, fructose is rarely consumed in isolation, but instead is consumed in combination with other sugars (with glucose in the case of the two most common sources of fructose: high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose, or as part of a mixed macronutrient meal. As such, the practical significance of these short-term findings of isolated monosaccharide consumption is limited. AIM 1: investigate the response to ten weeks of daily consumption of typical levels of different fructose containing sugars and glucose on measures of glucose and insulin metabolism. AIM 2: To investigate whether ten weeks of daily consumption changes the fat content of the liver, skeletal muscles or abdomen.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
225
Rippe Lifestyle Institute
Celebration, Florida, United States
Change in glucose tolerance
Change in glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC) in response to a standard 2 hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Time frame: 10 weeks (Baseline and week 10)
Change in Insulin Sensitivity
Change in 1) insulin AUC in response to a standard 2 hour Oral Glucose and Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index
Time frame: 10 weeks (Baseline and week 10)
Change in fat content of the liver
Change in fat content of the liver as determined by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
Time frame: 10 weeks (baseline and Week 10)
Change in fat content of the abdomen
Change in fat content of the abdomen as determined by MRS
Time frame: 10 weeks (baseline and Week 10)
Change in fat content of the skeletal muscles
Change in fat content of the Vastus Lateralis and Gluteus Maximum as determined by MRI.
Time frame: 10 weeks (baseline and Week 10)
Change in hypothalamic activity
Change in hypothalamic activity in response to consumption of test beverages consumed as part of a standardized, mixed nutrient meal will be measured by functional MRI. Changes from baseline (mean percent signal change) will be determined after 10 weeks of daily consumption of the test beverage as part of the usual diet
Time frame: 10 weeks (baseline and Week 10)
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