The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with tamoxifen or a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAI) + goserelin + LEE011 prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) compared to treatment with tamoxifen or a NSAI + goserelin + placebo in premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer.
This was a randomized, Phase III, double-blind, global study comparing the treatment efficacy and safety of ribociclib + goserelin + tamoxifen or a NSAI (letrozole or anastrozole) versus placebo + goserelin + tamoxifen or a NSAI in premenopausal women with HR+, HER2- advanced breast cancer. Eligible participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the ribociclib arm or the placebo arm. Study treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, death, or discontinuation for any other reason. Participants who discontinued treatment due to reasons other than disease progression or withdrawal of consent for efficacy follow-up continued to be monitored until disease progression, death, withdrawal of consent, loss to follow-up, or subject/guardian decision (post-treatment efficacy follow-up). All participants who discontinued treatment were followed for survival until the predetermined number of overall survival (OS) events was reached. Following the final OS analysis (performed when approximately 189 deaths were recorded) and with protocol amendment 6 (dated 18-Jul-2019), participants and investigators were unblinded and those participants in the placebo arm had the opportunity to cross-over to the ribociclib arm to receive ribociclib + goserelin + NSAI. Cross-over was optional and was conducted at the investigator's discretion and upon participant consent.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
672
Ribociclib (600 mg, in three 200 mg hard gelatin capsules) was administered orally once daily on Days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle.
Tamoxifen (20 mg, tablets) was administered orally on a continuous daily schedule (days 1-28 of each 28-day cycle)
Letrozole (2.5 mg, tablets) was administered orally once daily on a continuous daily schedule (days 1-28 of each 28-day cycle)
Progression Free Survival (PFS) by Investigator Assessment
PFS was defined as the period starting from the date of randomization to the date of the first documented progression or death caused by any reason. In cases where patients did not experience an event, the PFS was censored at the date of the last adequate tumor assessment. Clinical deterioration without objective radiological evidence was not considered as documented disease progression. PFS was assessed via local radiology assessment according to RECIST 1.1. As per protocol, the final PFS analysis was conducted after approximately 392 PFS events were documented. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate PFS, and the median PFS, along with 95% confidence intervals, was reported for each treatment group. A stratified Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of PFS, along with 95% confidence interval
Time frame: From randomization to first documented progression or death, assessed up to approximately 29 months
Overall Survival (OS)
OS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. In cases where the patient's death was not recorded, the OS value was censored at the date of the last known patient's survival status. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. As per protocol, the final OS analysis was conducted after approximately 189 deaths were documented. The median OS, along with 95% confidence intervals, was reported for each treatment group.The distribution of OS between the two treatment arms was compared using a log-rank test at one-sided cumulative 2.5% level of significance. A stratified Cox regression was used to estimate the OS hazard ratio and the associated 95% CI.
Time frame: From randomization to death, assessed up to approximately 45 months
Overall Response Rate (ORR) by Investigator Assessment
ORR is the percentage of participants with the best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) according to RECIST 1.1 as per local assessment. CR = Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm; PR = At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters.
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Anastrozole (1 mg, tablets) was administered orally once daily on a continuous daily schedule (days 1-28 of each 28-day cycle)
Goserelin (3.6 mg, subcutaneous implant) was administered on day 1 of every 28-day cycle
Placebo (hard gelatin capsules) was administered orally once daily on Days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle.
Comprehensive Blood and Cancer SC-2
Bakersfield, California, United States
University Of California Los Angeles Dept of Onc
Los Angeles, California, United States
Comprehensive Cancer Center at Saint Joseph Hospital SC
Denver, Colorado, United States
Danbury Hospital SC
Danbury, Connecticut, United States
Florida Cancer Specialists Onc Dept
Fort Myers, Florida, United States
Florida Cancer Specialists SC-2
Fort Myers, Florida, United States
Memorial Cancer Institute SC
Hollywood, Florida, United States
University Of Miami Univ Miami 2
Miami, Florida, United States
NorthWest Georgia Oncology Centers IRB
Marietta, Georgia, United States
Moanalua Medical Center. Attn: Oncology Dept SC
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
...and 173 more locations
Time frame: Up to approximately 29 months
Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) by Investigator Assessment
Percentage of participants with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) lasting 24 weeks or longer as defined in RECIST 1.1 and local assessment. CR = Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm; PR = At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters; SD = Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR or CR nor an increase in lesions which would qualify for progressive disease: PD = At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameter of all measured target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of diameter of all target lesions recorded at or after baseline. In addition to the relative increase of 20% the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm.
Time frame: Up to approximately 29 months
Time to Response (TTR) by Investigator Assessment
Time to response is the time from the date of randomization to the first documented response (CR or PR, which must be confirmed subsequently) according to RECIST 1.1 as per local assessment. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate TTR, and the median TTR, along with 95% confidence intervals, was reported for each treatment group. Participants who did not achieve a confirmed response were censored at the maximum follow-up time for patients who had a PFS event (i.e. either progressed or died due to any cause) or at the date of last adequate tumor assessment otherwise. CR = Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm; PR = At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters.
Time frame: Up to approximately 29 months
Duration of Response (DOR) by Investigator Assessment
DOR was defined as the time from the first documented response (CR or PR) to the first documented progression or death due to underlying cancer as defined in RECIST 1.1 per investigator assessment. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate DOR, and the median DOR, along with 95% confidence intervals, was reported for each treatment group. If a participant had not had an event, duration was censored at the date of last adequate tumor assessment. CR = Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions. In addition, any pathological lymph nodes assigned as target lesions must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm; PR = At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters.
Time frame: Up to approximately 29 months
Time to Definitive Deterioration of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) by at Least One Category of the Score
ECOG PS categorized patients based on their ability to perform daily activities and self-care, with scores ranging from 0 to 5. A score of 0 indicated no restrictions in activity, while higher scores indicated increasing limitations. Time to definitive deterioration was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the event, defined as experiencing an increase in ECOG PS by at least one category from the baseline or death. A deterioration was considered definitive if no improvements in the ECOG PS were observed at a subsequent time. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the distribution, and the median time to definitive deterioration, along with 95% confidence intervals, was reported for each treatment group. Patients receiving any further therapy prior to definitive worsening were censored at their date of last assessment prior to start of therapy. Patients that had not worsened at the data cutoff point were censored at the date of last assessment.
Time frame: Baseline, up to approximately 29 months
Time to Definitive 10% Deterioration in the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QoL) Scale Score of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30)
The EORTC QLQ-C30 is a questionnaire that includes 5 functional scales, 3 symptom scales, 1 GHS/QoL scale, and 6 single items. GHS/QoL scale score ranges between 0 and 100. A high score for GHS/QoL represents better functioning or QoL.The time to definitive 10% deterioration is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of event, which is defined as at least 10% relative to baseline worsening of the QoL score (without further improvement above the threshold) or death due to any cause. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the distribution, and the median time to definitive 10% deterioration, along with 95% confidence intervals, was reported for each treatment group. If a patient had not had an event, time to deterioration was censored at the date of the last adequate QoL evaluation.
Time frame: Up to approximately 29 months
Change From Baseline in the GHS/QoL Scale Score of the EORTC QLQ-C30
The EORTC QLQ-C30 is a questionnaire that includes 5 functional scales, 3 symptom scales, 1 GHS/QoL scale, and 6 single items. GHS/QoL scale score ranges between 0 and 100. A high score for GHS/QoL represents better functioning or QoL.The change from baseline in the GHS/QoL score was assessed. A positive change from baseline indicated improvement. For subjects who discontinued treatment without disease progression, post-treatment efficacy visits occurred every 8 weeks during the initial 18 months since start of treatment, followed by visits every 12 weeks until disease progression.
Time frame: Baseline, every 2 cycles after randomization during 18 months, then every 3 cycles up to end of treatment (EOT); EOT; and every 8 or 12 weeks post-treatment until progression, assessed up to approximately 29 months. Cycle=28 days