Walking Away From Back Pain, One Step at a Time

Inclusion Criteria: * males and females aged 18 years or over, * experiencing low back pain (i.e. between the 12th costal margin and gluteal fold with or without associated leg pain) persisting for a minimum of three months, and * assessed as capable of participating in a walking programme. Exclusion Criteria: * any spinal surgery in the past 12 months; * evidence of nerve root, spinal cord, or cauda equina compression; * severe spinal stenosis indicated by signs of neurogenic claudication, grade 3 to 4 spondylolisthesis, fibromyalgia, or systemic/inflammatory disorder; * as well as any other current lower extremity musculoskeletal injury or contraindication to increasing physical activity (PA) levels. The latter may include: * any cardiorespiratory or other medical condition limiting exercise tolerance; * history of serious psychological or psychiatric illness (mild depression eligible for inclusion); and/or * pregnancy.