The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Bevacizumab (an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody) added to a backbone chemotherapy regimen (Temozolomide, Irinotecan-Temozolomide or Topotecan-Temozolomide) demonstrates activity in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Also, to investigate whether the addition of Irinotecan or Topotecan to Temozolomide increases the activity of chemotherapy.The primary objective of the study is the best response (Complete Response or Partial Response) while trial treatment, within 18 or 24 weeks depending on the arm of the trial the participant is randomised to. Secondary endpoints are assessing the side effects, the length of time before progression (Progression Free Survival) and overall survival (OS). This trial will address two important questions: * does targeting blood vessel development using bevacizumab, (a monoclonal antibody against the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)), add to the effect on a tumour when used with existing chemotherapy, compared to the effect of the existing chemotherapy alone (temozolomide)? NOTE- This question has been completed. * does the addition of a second chemotherapy drug (irinotecan or topotecan) increase the effect on a tumour compared to the effect of one alone (temozolomide) NOTE - This question has been completed. * does the addition of dinutuximab beta added to a backbone chemotherapy (temozolomide or temozolomide + topotecan) increase the effect of backbone alone. Patients aged 1-21 years of age with relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma are randomised to one of two treatment arms: temozolomide-topotecan (TTo) or dinutuximab beta-temozolomide-topotecan (dBTTo). Temozolomide (T), irinotecan-temozolomide (IT), bevacizumab-T (BT), BIT (bevacizumab-IT), bevacizumab-temozolomide-topotecan (BTTo) and dinutuximab beta-temozolomide (dBT) are now closed to recruitment.
This is an international open-label, randomised, multicentre phase II trial of temozolomide ± irinotecan, with or without bevacizumab, for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. The study will evaluate the safety and activity of these combinations. Patients will be registered into the trial and randomised at the same time to one of the following two arms (approximately 30 patients per arm): TTo: Temozolomide + Topotecan dBTTo: Dinuximab beta + Temozolomide + Topotecan Arms which have now closed to recruitment: dBT: Dinutuximab beat + Temozolomide Closed 28 \]Jan 2020 T: Temozolomide - Closed 28 Jan 2020 BT: Bevacizumab + Temozolomide - Closed 7 Feb 2019 IT: Irinotecan + Temozolomide - Closed 21 June 2018 BIT: Bevacizumab + Irinotecan + Temozolomide - Closed 21 June 2018 BTTo: Bevacizumab + Temozolomide + Topotecan - Closed 7 Feb 2019 Randomisation will be via a secure on-line computer-based system at the Cancer Research Clinical Trial Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (UK) and patients will be allocated in a 2:1 ratio. Minimisation will be used to ensure balance across the arms for the important prognostic factors as described by London et al. \[10\]: a) relapsed, refractory disease, b) early (\< 18 months), late relapse (≥18 months) and c) measurable versus evaluable disease (i.e. disease evaluated according to RECIST versus disease detectable only by MIBG scanning with or without bone marrow involvement as detected by local morphology) Patients will receive treatment for 6 courses, lasting 24 weeks. Patients with a response (CR, PR) or stable disease (SD) while on the BEACON-Neuroblastoma trial will receive 6 cycles of trial treatment. If the patient has achieved a satisfactory response (i.e. CR, PR or SD) with acceptable toxicity, treatment may be extended beyond 6 cycles (up to 12 cycles) after discussion with the Sponsor and the Chief Investigator (CI). In addition, patients randomised to TTo may recieve an optional regimen of dinutuximab beta + topotecan + cyclophosphamide (up to 6 cycles).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
225
10mg/kg IV (in the vein) on Days 1 and 15 of a 4 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
200mg/m2/d PO (capsule taken orally) on Days 1 to 5 of a 4 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
100mg/m2/d PO (capsule taken orally) on Days 1 to 5 of a 3 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
50mg/m2/d IV (in the vein) on Days 1 to 5 of a 3 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
15mg/kg IV (in the vein) on Day 1 of a 3 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
0.75mg/m2/d IV (in the vein) on Days 1-5 of a 4 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
150mg/m2/d PO (capsule taken orally) on Days 1 to 5 of a 4 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
10mg/m2/d IV (in the vein) on Days 1 to 7 of a 4 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
250mg/m2/d IV (in the vein) on Days 1 to 5 of a 4 week cycle, for 6 cycles or until progression
St Anna Children's Hospital and CCRI/Studies and Statistics
Vienna, Austria
University Hospital
Ghent, Belgium
University Hospital Rigshospitalet
Copenhagen, Denmark
Hopital des Enfants
Toulouse, France
Our Ladys Children's Hospital Dublin
Dublin, Ireland
Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gseu
Rome, Italy
Natasha van Eijkelenburg
Utrecht, Netherlands
Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria
Valencia, Spain
Swiss Paediatric Oncology Group
Bern, Switzerland
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research
Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
Best response (Complete Response or Partial Response) while on trial treatment, within 18 or 24 weeks depending on the arm of the trial participant is randomised to.
* To test whether bevacizumab added to a backbone chemotherapy regimen (temozolomide, irinotecan-temozolomide or topotecan-temozolomide) demonstrates activity in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma * To test whether the addition of irinotecan to temozolomide increases the activity of chemotherapy in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma * To test whether the addition of topotecan to temozolomide increases the activity of chemotherapy in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma ("topotecan randomisation") * To test whether dinutuximab beta added to a backbone chemotherapy regimen (temozolomide or temozolomide + topotecan) demonstrates activity in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma ("dinutuximab beta randomisation)
Time frame: Within 18 or 24 weeks depending on the arm of the trial the participant is randomised to.
For the bevacizumab part 2 only; Progression-free survival (PFS)
Progression-free survival (PFS)
Time frame: Assessment will be after 30 days after treatment or end of trial
To evaluate the toxicity of the regimens
Safety of the regimens: Incidence and severity of Adverse Events (AE)s
Time frame: Assessment will be after 30 days after treatment or end of trial
To evaluate the safety of the regimens
Safety of the regimens: Progression-free survival (PFS)
Time frame: Assessment will be after 30 days after treatment or end of trial
To evaluate the overall safety of the regimens
Safety of the regimens: Overall survival (OS)
Time frame: Assessment will be after 30 days after treatment or end of trial
To evaluate the safety of the regimens
Safety of the regimens: Event-free survival (EFS)
Time frame: Assessment will be after 30 days after treatment or end of trial
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