Compassionate Use of Omegaven® for the Treatment of Intestinal Failure Associated Liver Disease in Children

Overview

The overall purpose of this study is to determine if replacing standard soybean oil based fat emulsions with Omegaven®, a fish oil based fat emulsion, can reverse or prevent the progression of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease. It is a compassionate use protocol for patients who already have significant liver disease related to parenteral nutrition.

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) is a potentially life-saving intervention for children with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure. Many common neonatal surgical diseases including Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intestinal atresias, and gastroschisis can cause intestinal failure. The recovery from these illnesses often involves prolonged periods of parenteral nutrition. Intestinal Failure Associated Liver Disease (IFALD) is the most prevalent complication of long term parenteral nutrition in children, affecting up to 2/3 of children with short bowel syndrome. Parenteral lipids are an important source of calories in children, and provide essential fatty acids. Development of IFALD is a multifactorial process. Phytosterols contained in soybean based lipid emulsions have been shown to predispose animals to IFALD. Previous studies in children have shown that dosing the soybean based parenteral lipid emulsion at doses greater than 1g/kg/day may contribute to the development of IFALD. It is currently our practice to limit the lipid dose in children at risk of development of IFALD to 1g/kg/day. Despite this, some patients will still develop biochemical evidence of cholestasis and IFALD. Previous studies in humans have shown that children with IFALD who were administered the intravenous fish oil lipid emulsion Omegaven® reduced their serum direct bilirubin levels. This may be due to a reduction in the amount of arachidonic acide derived inflammatory mediators. The investigators hypothesize that administering Omegaven® in place of conventional soybean fat emulsions may reverse or prevent the progression of PN associated cholestasis and thus allow the patient to be maintained on adequate PN until he/she is able to ingest adequate nutrition enterally.

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Eligibility

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