The objectives of the proposed study are to assess whether the metabolic effects of walnut consumption depends on which food components the walnuts substitute (i.e. carbohydrates; saturated fatty acids) and whether it is important to consume walnuts as snacks or with meals.
The objectives of the proposed study are to assess whether the metabolic effects of walnut consumption depends on which food components the walnuts substitute (i.e. carbohydrates; saturated fatty acids) and whether it is important to consume walnuts as snacks or with meals. The metabolic effects of walnut consumption may not only relate to the ingested walnuts but also to what is not eaten when walnuts are consumed. We want to evaluate whether the metabolic changes are more pronounced if study participants are instructed to reduce carbohydrates or saturated fatty acids to remain on an isocaloric diet. In a third group we will test what food is omitted if no specific instructions are given. Furthermore half of the subjects in each group will be instructed to eat walnuts with meals and half as snacks.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
180
consumption of 43 g walnuts per day
Medical Department 2, University Munich
Munich, Germany
Non-HDL-cholesterol
Time frame: 8 weeks
LDL-cholesterol
Time frame: 8 weeks
total-cholesterol
Time frame: 8 weeks
apoB
Time frame: 8 weeks
triglycerides
Time frame: 8 weeks
fasting glucose
Time frame: 8 weeks
HOMA index
Time frame: 8 weeks
caloric intake
Time frame: 8 weeks
ratio CH:fat:protein
Time frame: 8 weeks
ratio SFA:MUFA:PUFA
Time frame: 8 weeks
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