The goal of this study is to determine the short term safety (\<30 days) and efficacy (6 months) of the heterotopic implantation of the Edwards-Sapien XT valve in the inferior vena cava for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation in patients who are inoperable or at a very high surgical risk for tricuspid valve replacement.
This is a prospective multi-center, non-blinded (open label), non-randomized safety and feasibility study of the heterotopic implantation of the Edwards-Sapien XT or S3 valve in the inferior vena cava for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation in patients who are inoperable or at a very high surgical risk for tricuspid valve replacement.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
15
Henry Ford Hosptial
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Procedural Success
Procedural success will include both device success and no device/procedure related SAE's including: all death, all stroke, MI, new AKI grade 3, life threatening bleeding, major vascular complications (arterial or venous-requiring unplanned intervention), pericardial effusion or tamponade requiring drainage, SVC syndrome. Safety as defined by successful vascular access without unplanned major vascular complication as defined by VARC-2, delivery and retrieval of the transcatheter valve delivery system, correct position of both the vascular stent(s) and transcatheter valve in the IVC, a single valve placed within the IVC, and no need for additional surgery or re-intervention (including drainage of pericardial effusion) with the patient being alive at 30-days.
Time frame: 30 days
Individual Patient Success
Individual patient success is defined by device success and the following: no re-hospitalizations for right sided heart failure or right sided heart failure equivalents including drainage of ascites or pleural effusions, new listing for heart transplant, VAD, or other mechanical support; improvement in one of three variables: KCCQ improvement\>15 vs. baseline; 6MWT improvement\> 70 meters vs. baseline; or VO2 peak improvement \> 6% vs baseline..
Time frame: 30 days
Lower Extremity Edema
Measure of improvement in lower extremity (LE) edema measured by the Villalta Scale. The Villalta Scale is used to assess patients with lower extremity signs and symptoms of swelling, discoloration, or ulceration. The scale evaluates 5 patient reported items (pain, cramps, heaviness, paresthesia, pruritus) and 6 clinician-observed items (pretibial edema, skin induration, hyperpigmentation, pain during calf compression, venous ectasia, redness). Each item is graded on a four-point scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe). All points are added, resulting in an overall score from 0 to 33. The final Villalta score of 5-9 is mild disease, 10-14 is moderate, and ≥15 is severe disease. A 3.1 point reduction in this scale between time points is associated with improved quality of life.
Time frame: 30 days, 6 months, 1 Year
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Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) by Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-2) criteria. VARC-2 diagnostic criteria defines stroke as a duration of a focal or global neurological deficit ≥ 24 hours; OR \<24 hours if available neuroimaging documents a new hemorrhage or infarct; OR the neurological deficit results in death. VARC-2 diagnostic criteria defines TIA as a duration of a focal or global neurological deficit \<24 hours, any variable neuroimaging does not demonstrate a new hemorrhage or infarct.
Time frame: 30 days, 6 months, 1 year
Mortality
Mortality by Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-2) criteria. VARC-2 criteria separate All-cause mortality into 'Cardiovascular mortality' and 'Noncardiovascular mortality'. Cardiovascular mortality is defined as any of the following criteria: Death due to proximate cardiac cause (eg, myocardial infarction, cardiac tamponade, worsening heart failure); Death caused by noncoronary vascular conditions such as neurological events, pulmonary embolism, ruptured aortic aneurysm, dissecting aneurysm, or other vascular disease; All procedure-related deaths, including those related to a complication of the procedure or treatment for a complication of the procedure; All valve-related deaths including structural or nonstructural valve dysfunction or other valve-related adverse events; Sudden or unwitnessed death; Death of unknown cause. Noncardiovascular mortality is defined as any death in which the primary cause of death is clearly related to another condition (eg, trauma, cancer, suicide)
Time frame: 30 days, 6 months, 1 year
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial Infarction (MI) by Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-2) criteria. VARC-2 defines MI as either periprocedural MI (new ischemic symptoms or signs AND elevated cardiac biomarkers within 72 hours after the index procedure), or spontaneous MI (\>72hours after the index procedure, any 1 of the following: detection of rise and/or fall of cardiac biomarkers with at least 1 value above the 99th percentile, together with the evidence of myocardial ischemia with either symptoms of ischemia, ECG changes indicative of new ischemia, new pathological Q-waves in at least two contiguous leads, or imaging evidence of a new loss of viable myocardium or new wall motion abnormality; Sudden, unexpected cardiac death involving cardiac arrest, accompanied by new ST elevation or new LBBB, and/or evidence of fresh thrombus by coronary angiogram or at autopsy, or at a time before the appearance of cardiac biomarker in the blood; or Pathological findings of an acute MI).
Time frame: 30 days, 6 months, 1 Year
Acute Kidney Injury
Occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) by Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-2) criteria. VARC-2 criteria defines AKI as any of the following: \[Stage 1\] Increase in serum creatinine to 150-199% OR Urine output \<0.5mL/kg/h for \>6 but \<12hours; \[Stage 2\] Increase in serum creatinine to 200-299% OR Urine output \<0.5 mL/kg/h for \>6 but \<12hours; or \[Stage 3\] Increase in serum creatinine to ≥300% OR Urine output \<0.3mL/kg/h for ≥24hours OR Anuria for ≥12hours.
Time frame: 30 days, 6 months, 1 Year
Major Vascular Complications
Major Vascular Complications by Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-2) criteria. VARC-2 defines major vascular complications as: any aortic dissection aortic rupture, annulus rupture, left ventricle perforation, or new apical aneurysm/pseudoaneurysm; Access site or access-related vascular injury leading to death, life threatening or major bleeding, visceral ischemia, or neurological impairment; Distal embolization from a vascular source requiring surgery or resulting in amputation or irreversible end-organ damage; The use of unplanned endovascular or surgical intervention associated with death, major bleeding, visceral ischemia or neurological impairment; Any new ipsilateral lower extremity ischemia documented by patient symptoms, physical exam, and/or decreased or absent blood flow on lower extremity angiogram; surgery for access site-related nerve injury; or Permanent access site-related nerve injury.
Time frame: 30 days, 6 months, 1 Year