Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the bioequivalence between two formulations containing ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) when administered as single oral doses in two consecutive study periods to healthy male and female volunteers under fasting conditions. Primary end-point: to evaluate the bioequivalent rate (Cmax) and extent (AUC0-t) of absorption of ketoprofen after single dose administration of test and reference products. Secondary end-points: * to describe the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ketoprofen after single dose administration of test and reference products; * to collect safety and tolerability data after single dose administration of test and reference products.
This was a single centre, single dose, open, randomised, two-way cross-over, two-stage bioequivalence study. According to the two-stage design of the study, an initial group of subjects was treated in study stage 1 and data were analysed. Since bioequivalence was demonstrated, according to the protocol the study was terminated after stage 1, and stage 2 was not performed. The study was conducted as planned and consisted of a screening visit, a treatment phase of 2 study periods separated by a wash-out interval of at least 4 days and a final visit / early termination visit (ETV). Considering the lack of information about the PK profile of the new formulation, it was decided to use a "two stage" bioequivalence study design, that allows a re-calculation of the sample size in case the number of subjects initially enrolled in the study is not large enough to provide a reliable answer to the questions addressed, due to a possible underestimation of the variability or misleading estimation of the point estimate for the test/reference ratio of the geometric means. The sequence of treatments in the two study periods was assigned to each randomised subject according to a computer generated randomisation list. A wash-out period of at least 4 days between the two administrations is justified by the elimination half-life of the ketoprofen (1-2 h).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
30
Ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) immediate release oral tablets 40 mg, corresponding to 25 mg of ketoprofen free acid. Ketoprofen lysine salt was administered according to the randomisation list and the cross-over design. One (1) tablet of test formulation was administered to the subjects in the morning with 240 mL of still mineral water. Afterwards, no fluid intake was permitted for 2 h. All subjects were under fasting conditions from the evening before investigational product administration (i.e. for at least 10 h, overnight).
OKi® 80 mg granules for oral solution (bipartite sachets: each half sachet containing 40 mg of KLS corresponding to 25 mg of ketoprofen free acid). Ketoprofen lysine salt was administered according to the randomisation list and the cross-over design. The content of half sachet of the reference formulation was dissolved in 190 mL of still mineral water. The subject drank the entire solution immediately. Then the glass was rinsed with 50 mL of still mineral water and the subject drank the rinse immediately. Afterwards, no fluid intake was permitted for 2 h. All subjects were under fasting conditions from the evening before investigational product administration (i.e. for at least 10 h, overnight).
CROSS Research S.A., Phase I Unit
Arzo, Switzerland
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Cmax
Cmax = maximum plasma concentration. Cmax a of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder reported. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
Time frame: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post-dose
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: AUC0-t
AUC0-t = Area under the concentration-time curve from administration to the last observed concentration time t, calculated with the linear trapezoidal method. AUC0-t of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder specified. Please note that AUC0-t was considered a reliable estimate of the extent of absorption if the ratio AUC0-t/AUC0-∞ equalled or exceeded a factor of 0.8, i.e. if %AUCextra was \< 20%. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: AUC0-∞
AUC0-∞ = Area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity, calculated, if feasible, as AUC0-t + Ct/λz, where Ct is the last measurable drug concentration. AUC0-∞ of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder reported. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Tmax
Tmax = Time to achieve Cmax. Tmax (0-8 hours) of ketoprofen calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the following timepoints: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: T1/2
T1/2 = Half-life, calculated, if feasible, as ln2/λz. T1/2 (0-8 hours) of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the following timepoints: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Frel
Frel = Relative bioavailability, calculated as ratio AUC0-t (test)/ AUC0-t (reference)
Time frame: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post-dose
Number of TEAEs
TEAE = Treatment Emergent Adverse Events. TEAEs were assessed throughout the study, from informed consent up to the final visit / early termination visit (ETV), which takes place after visit 5 on day 1 of period 2, more precisely after the 8 h blood sampling and vital signs check.
Time frame: From Day -14 to Day 1 of period 2 (Final visit/ETV), approximately 1 month
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