Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria: * Specific criteria for diabetic patients: * Having type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months * HbA1c ≤ 8% * Treated by lifestyle and dietary rules associated or not to a hypoglycemic therapy (metformin and / or sulfamid) and / or insulin secretors dependent glucose as inhibitors of DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4): Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin * No modification of hypoglycemic therapy and / or insulin secretors for at least 3 months Specific criteria for control subjects: * Nondiabetic subjects (fasting blood glucose \<7.0 mmol / l without hypoglycemic treatment). * The control subjects should be matched to patients for age (± 5 years), sex, and BMI (± 2 kg/m2). Common criteria for patients and control subjects: * Aged 18 to 60 years * Body Mass Index between 25 and 35 kg/m2 * Accepting the constraints of the protocol and who signed the informed consent * Systolic blood pressure \< 160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure \< 90 mm Hg (with or without antihypertensive treatment) * Resting heart rate between 55 and 100 beats/min. * Normal laboratory tests or not clinically significant abnormality for NFS platelets, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen ALT, AST, GGT, Serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, Uric acid Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol * HCG negative blood (for female subjects) * Affiliated to the Social Security. Exclusion Criteria: * Current infections or recent infections (\<10 days) * Neoplastic disorders (with the exception of carcinoma in situ of the cervix or cutaneous epithelioma), haematological, cardiovascular, psychiatric, neurological * Poisoning smoking (\>10 cigarettes per day, what ever the duration of intoxication) * Treatment with insulin or glitazones Pregnancy, Breastfeeding * Body Mass Index \> 35 kg/m2 * Any drug taken for less than 8 days without the inclusion of minor analgesics (aspirin, paracetamol), anti-hypertensive medications, oral hypoglycemic (metformin and sulphonylureas) and insulin secretors dependent glucose as inhibitors of DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) and oral contraceptives.