The purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of needle insertion and the discomfort during different ergonomic conditions faced by anesthesiologists during spinal anesthesia. In particular,the investigators intend to compare the angles between the patients' back and the inserted spinal needle in the coronal plane at different operating table heights.
Sixty patients will be recruited undergoing elective surgery under spinal anesthesia. The patients will be randomly allocated to one of four groups: Group U, L, X, and N. These acronyms indicate the heights of the operating table which set at the needle insertion point of anesthetists, namely the level of umbilicus, lowest rib margin, xiphoid process, and nipple in a standing posture. The angle between the patient's skin and the spinal needle will be measured by the protractor in the coronal and sagittal plane. The anesthesiologists will be asked to record the subjective general discomfort graded by Numeric Rating Scale. And the degree of neck, lower back, knee, and elbow flexion of the anesthesiologists will be measured by taking pictures during procedure.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
60
Depending on the height of the operating table, the insertion angle of the spinal needles would be vary. The investigators intend to find the optimal angle and the height of the table to provide that. The height of the operating table which set at the needle insertion point of anesthetists; the level of umbilicus
The height of the operating table which set at the needle insertion point of anesthetists; the level of lowest rib margin
The height of the operating table which set at the needle insertion point of anesthetists; the level of xiphoid
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Seongnam, Gyeonggido, South Korea
RECRUITINGThe angle between the patient's skin and the spinal needle
Time frame: during procedure
anesthesiologist's subjective discomfort
Time frame: during procedure
the degree of anesthesiologist's joint flexion
Time frame: during procedure
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The height of the operating table which set at the needle insertion point of anesthetists; the level of nipple
If freely flowing of CSF is detected, appropriate dose of MARCAINE was injected in all interventional groups.
If freely flowing of CSF is detected, appropriate dose of MARCAINE was injected in all interventional groups.
If freely flowing of CSF is detected, appropriate dose of MARCAINE was injected in all interventional groups.
If freely flowing of CSF is detected, appropriate dose of MARCAINE was injected in all interventional groups.