Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Renal Transplant Recipients

Inclusion Criteria: * Subject is willing to participate in the study, must be able to give informed consent and the consent must be obtained prior to any study procedure. * Recipients of a first kidney graft from a living-unrelated or non-HLA identical living related donor. * Panel Reactive Antibodies (PRA) ≤ 50%. * Patients must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and protocol requirements. * If female and of child-bearing age, subject must be non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding, and use adequate contraception. Exclusion Criteria: * Double organ transplant recipient. * Biopsy proven acute rejection (according to the Banff criteria) in the 4 weeks before MSC infusion. * Patients with evidence of active infection or abscesses (with the exception of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection) before MSC infusion. * Patients suffering from hepatic failure. * Patients suffering from an active autoimmune disease. * A psychiatric, addictive or any disorder that compromises ability to give truly informed consent for participation in this study. * Use of any investigational drug after transplantation. * Documented HIV infection, active hepatitis B, hepatitis C or tuberculosis according to current transplantation inclusion criteria. * Subjects who currently an active opportunistic infection at the time of MSC infusion (e.g., herpes zoster \[shingles\], cytomegalovirus (CMV), Pneumocystis carinii (PCP), aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, BK) after transplantation. * Malignancy (including lymphoproliferative disease) within the past 2-5 years (except for squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin that has been treated with no evidence of recurrence) according to current transplantation inclusion criteria * Known recent substance abuse (drug or alcohol). * Patients who are recipients of ABO incompatible transplants. * Patients with severe total hypercholesterolemia (\>7.5 mmol/L) or total hypertriglyceridemia (\>5.6 mmol/L) (patients on lipid lowering treatment with controlled hyperlipidemia are acceptable).