Lower brain glucose uptake is present before the onset of cognitive deterioration and may increase the risk of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Ketones are the brain's main alternative energy substrates. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are rapidly beta-oxidized and are ketogenic. Large doses of MCT oil are linked to gastro-intestinal side effects due to incomplete absorption so the investigators examined whether homogenisation into a skim milk matrix (MCT-H) would both improve ketogenesis and reduce side-effects compared to MCT taken without homogenisation into a matrix (bulk MCT \[MCT-B\]). Hypotheses: (i) MCT-H will be better absorbed compared to MCT-B, so MCT-H will result in higher ketonemia and lower side effects in healthy adults. (ii) The effects of MCT-B and MCT-H on ketogenesis will be dose-dependent.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
10
10 g of pure MCT oil mixed with skim milk in a standardized breakfast
10g provided by 10% MCT homogenate mixed with skim milk in a standardized breakfast
vehicule (skim milk) with a standardized breakfast
20g of pure MCT oil mixed with skim milk in a standardized breakfast
20g provided by 10% MCT homogenate mixed with skim milk in a standardized breakfast
30g of 100% pure MCT oil mixed with skim milk in a standardized breakfast
30g provided by 10% MCT homogenate mixed with skim milk in a standardized breakfast
Plasma Ketone Concentration
Average of total ketones (beta-hydroxynutyrate + acetoacetate) measured in plasma, measured every 30 minutes for hours following intake of the different supplements
Time frame: Average of every 30 minutes for 4 hours following intake of supplement
Plasma Glucose Concentration
average of glucose measured every 30 minutes during the four hour of each metabolic day
Time frame: Average of every 30 minutes for 4 hours following intake of supplement
Plasma Free Fatty Acids Concentration
average of free fatty acids measured every 30 minutes during the four hour fo each metabolic day
Time frame: average of 4 hours following intake of supplement
Plasma Insuline Concentration
Average of insulin measured evey 30 minutes during the 4 hours of each metabolic day
Time frame: average of 4 hours following intake of supplement
Number of Participants With Side Effects for Each Visit
If participant had any side effect (mild or moderate) at least one time during the day.
Time frame: During the 4 hours following intake of supplement
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