Pyronaridine-artesunate and Artemether-lumefantrine for the Treatment of Paediatric Malaria

Inclusion Criteria: * Children between 6 months and 12 years old, with a body weight of ≥5 kg; * Living in the catchment area of the study (within a radius of \~10 km from St. Jude's Clinic, Mbita, Kenya); * Having microscopically confirmed P. falciparum mono-infection (asexual parasite density 1,000-200,000 µL-1). Exclusion Criteria: * Signs and symptoms of severe malaria (according to WHO criteria for severe malaria, (WHO 2012)) or any other severe illness necessitating parenteral treatment; * Mixed Plasmodium infection; * Clinically suspected (oedema, jaundice and/or ascites) or reported hepatic and/or renal impairment (any cause, as reported by parents/guardians and/or evident from medical history); * Having anaemia with an Hb \<6 g/dL; * Evidence of severe malnutrition (severe wasting: z-score weight for age \<-3 and severe stunting: z-score height for age \<-3 (WHO 2009b)); * Having received anti-malarial therapy in the previous two weeks; * Known history of hypersensitivity, allergic or adverse reactions to artesunate, artemether-lumefantrine or other artemisinins; * Participating in other anti-malarial drug intervention studies; * Previous participation in the PAAL study, e.g. in the previous transmission season (each individual child can only take part in this study once); * Not being available for follow-up.