A "Real World" Trial to Determine Efficacy and Health Outcomes of Toujeo (ACHIEVE CONTROL REAL LIFE STUDY PROGRAM)

Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Month 6 and Month 12

Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 and Month 12 values. Adjusted Least Squares (LS) means and Standard Errors (SE) were obtained using Mixed Effect Model with Repeated Measures (MMRM ) with fixed categorical effects of treatment arm, visit, treatment arm-by-visit interaction, randomization strata of HbA1c target (\<8% / \<7%), SU use (yes/no), GLP-1 RA use (yes/no), as well as baseline HbA1c (as continuous) and baseline HbA1c-by-visit interaction.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

Treatment Persistence Measured by Medication Possession Ratio (MPR)

Treatment persistence was determined based on vendor claims database that would be responsible for managing and administration of the study drugs. Medication use was assessed by MPR and persistence measures based on data collected by the smart card vendor (date of fill or refill and quantity of medication dispensed for 30-day supply). The MPR was assessed based on total number of days of supply divided by the total number of days in 6 or 12 months period.

Time frame: At Month 6 and Month 12

Percentage of Participants Reaching Individualized HbA1c Target Without Documented Symptomatic <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia During the 6-Month Randomized Period

HEDIS criteria for Individualized HbA1c target: \<8% if age \>= 65 years or presence of medical comorbidities, or otherwise \<7%. Severe hypoglycaemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of \<54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L).

Time frame: Baseline to Month 6

Percentage of Participants Reaching Individualized HbA1c Target Without Documented Symptomatic <=3.9 mmol/L (<= 70 mg/dL) and <3.0 mmol/L (< 54 mg/dL) and/or Severe Hypoglycemia During the 12-Month Randomized Period

HEDIS criteria for Individualized HbA1c target: \<8% if age \>= 65 years or presence of medical comorbidities, or otherwise \<7%. Severe hypoglycaemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of \<=3.9 mmol/L (\<=70 mg/dL) and \< 3.0 mmol/L (\< 54 mg/dL).

Time frame: Baseline to Month 12

Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Month 6 and Month 12

Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 and Month 12 values. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using MMRM model with fixed categorical effects of treatment arm, randomization strata of HbA1c target (\<8% / \<7%), SU use (yes/no), GLP-1 RA use (yes/no), as well as baseline FPG (as continuous) and baseline FPG-by-visit interaction.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Month 6 and Month 12

Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained using MMRM model with fixed categorical effects of treatment arm, visit, treatment arm-by-visit interaction, randomization strata of HbA1c target (\<8% / \<7%), SU use (yes/no), GLP-1 RA use (yes/no), as well as baseline weight (as continuous) and baseline weight-by-visit interaction.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

Change From Baseline in Basal Insulin Dose at Month 6 and Month 12

Change in basal insulin dose was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Month 6 and Month 12 values.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

Percentage of Responders (Participants and Provider) Who Reported "Excellent" or "Good" Responses to Global Effectiveness Scale (GES) Question at Month 6, and Month 12

Participant and Physician (Provider) reported GES for this diabetes study. The GES assessed impact of treatment on scale ranges as: excellent (complete control of diabetes), good (marked improvement of diabetes), moderate (discernible, but limited improvement in diabetes), poor (no appreciable change in diabetes), or worsening of condition (worsening of diabetes). There was no score expressed by numbers and no change measured over the time of the study. Percentage of participants and providers who reported "excellent" or "good" on the GES at Month 6 and Month 12 are reported here.

Time frame: At Month 6, Month 12

Scores of Total Treatment Satisfaction, Hyperglycemia Perception, and Hypoglycemia Perception From Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Status Version (DTSQs) at Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

DTSQs is a validated questionnaire to assess participant's satisfaction with their diabetes treatment. It consists of 8 items, each answered on a Likert scale of 0 to 6. Responses of 6 questions (Items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) were summarized to derive total treatment satisfaction score, such that a higher score was indicative of better satisfaction. Total treatment satisfaction score is the sum of items 1, 4-8 scores and ranged from 0 (no satisfaction) to 36 (improvement in treatment satisfaction). Item 2 and Item 3 scores were used for hyperglycemia perception and hypoglycemia perception respectively, where lower scores indicated better health outcome. Perceived frequency of hyperglycemia score (Item 2) and perceived frequency of hypoglycemia score (Item 3) range from 0 (none of the time) to 6 (most of time), where lower scores indicated more satisfaction/better health outcome.

Time frame: At Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

Scores of Total Treatment Satisfaction, Hyperglycemia Perception, and Hypoglycemia Perception From Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Change Version (DTSQc) at Month 12

DTSQc version evaluates the change in treatment satisfaction at Month 12 as compared to the start of the study . It consists of 8 items, each answered on a Likert scale from -3 to +3. The sum of treatment satisfaction scores (items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7,and 8) ranged from score -18 (deterioration in treatment satisfaction) to +18 (improvement in treatment satisfaction). Perceived frequency of hypoglycemia and perceived frequency of hyperglycemia score ranges from score -3 (fewer problems) to +3 (more problems).

Time frame: At Month 12

Percentage of Participants With Hospitalizations, Emergency Rooms and Specialty Visits From Baseline to Month 6 and Month 12

Percentage of participants with hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and specialty visits during the 6-month and 12-month randomized period were reported. The 12-month randomized period was defined as the time from randomization up to Day 365 or discontinuation date, whichever comes earlier.

Time frame: From Baseline to Month 6 and Month 12

Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Hypoglycemia Event (Any Time of the Day, Nocturnal) Per Type of Hypoglycaemia During the Month 6 and Month 12 on Treatment Period

Severe hypoglycaemia was an event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycaemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of \<=70 mg/dL (\<=3.9 mmol/L) or \<54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L).

Time frame: Up to Month 6 and Month 12