Assessment of Intercostal Block Scheduling in Preventing Acute Surgical and Post-surgical Pain in Thoracoscopic Surgery

Overview

It is well known that chest surgery patients suffer from high level pain in the perioperative period. The transition to thoracoscopic approaches reduced surgical pain. The proper pain control technique for thoracoscopic approaches is still under debate. One of the most popular methods for pain control is these procedures is the Intercostal block. The Intercostal block is usually based upon topical analgesic. In this study the investigators will try to examine the effect on pain control of the timing of Intercostal block of 100 mg BUPIVACAINE. The study is a prospective comparative study. The cohort will be divided into two groups. In the control group patients will have Intercostal block after surgery and in the study group the intercostal block will be given in the beginning of the surgical procedure. All other analgesic treatment during and post-surgery will be the same in both groups. The study will evaluate pain level in the days after the surgery, analgesic medication consumption and relevant morbidity.

Intercostal Bupivacaine block Intercostal block is a procedure during which a local anesthetic is injected to the intercostal space. This space includes the rote of the intercostal nerve. The purpose of the procedure is to block the neuropathic pain that developed due to inflammation and irritation of the nerve and other close structures. Some add steroids to the injection because of their anti-inflammatory effect. Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic. It belongs to a group of medicines called amide- type local anesthetics. It is a well-known medication with many years of documented use in local and regional anesthesia. Bupivacaine binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells. This block prevents depolarization. The lack of depolarization precludes initiation or conduction of a pain signal can occur. Study Aims This study will try to evaluate the difference in pain control during and post thoracoscopic surgery in patients who had bupivacaine intercostal block before versus after surgery. The study main end point is the amount of analgesic medication consumption by patients during and after thoracoscopic surgery. Secondary end points will include subjective patient's pain evaluation, length of hospital stay and post-operative complication. Inclusion Criteria Thoracoscopic surgery candidate. Over 18 years old. No known allergy to Bupivacaine. Patient is able to read understand and singe an inform consent. Exclusion Criteria Previous thoracic operation in the same side. Study plan The study cohort will be divided into two groups. Study group and control group. Each group will include 30 thoracoscopic surgery candidates. The participants will be randomly assigned to the research groups using a computer selection done by the study team. The participants will not know as to which group they are assigned. All participants will by recruited in the cardio-thoracic surgery department, CARMEL medical center, Haifa, ISRAEL. The basic thoracoscopic surgery approach uses three operation cuts the main Lateral surgical cut is less than 5 cm. Another lower cut of 1-2cmfor the video camera and a lateral subscapular cut of 1-2cm for lung retraction. No rib retractors are being used. During surgery the anesthesiology team is in charge of patient sedation and analgesia according to the local anesthesia department protocol. After surgery the thoracic team is in charge on patient analgesia treatment according to cardio-thoracic surgery department local protocol. Patients will randomized into either study or control group. In the study group the surgeon will perform an intercostal Bupivacaine block of 100ml over five intercostal spaces which include the operation cuts. The block will be done in the beginning of the surgery right after the insertion of the video camera to the pleural space. In the control group the surgeon will perform the same intercostal block at the end of the surgery just before closing the operation cuts. All other operation stapes and analgesic treatment will be the same for both groups. Follow up Patient follow up will include the perioperative hospitalization and will continue up to six months after discharge. Follow up will include analgesic medication usage, pain levels, demographic details, Hospital length of stay, post-operative complication and time to resume daily routine.