This study is based on assess and contrast isometric and isokinetic core strength, static and dynamic balance, the number of falls, and functional autonomy in three different old women groups after a 18 weeks 1) Pilates-based structured exercise program, 2) muscular structured exercise program, and 3) nonexercising.
Real life conditions require concurrent attention-demanding tasks, increasing the risk of falling and contributing to disability. Pilates-based exercise is proposed as a combined core and mental training program grounded on learning functionally effective postural sets and motor patterns, that will provide better results than a muscular exercise program in old women trunk strength, the risk of falling, functional autonomy and other complementary physical and mental functions. This is a 30-weeks quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial in which 80 independent old women will be allocated to a Pilates-based exercise program, a muscular exercise program, and a no-exercise control group. The intervention is divided into 18 weeks of supervised exercise and a 12 weeks follow-up. Primary outcome will be isokinetic and isometric trunk and hip flexion-extension strength, static and dynamic balance, the number of falls, and functional autonomy. Secondary outcome will include body composition, habitual physical activity and a standardized gerontological evaluation composed of body composition, daily physical activity, the independence to develop basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and the cognitive, affective and social function assessment. Every item will be measured at baseline, 18 and 30 weeks.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
60
2 sessions/week, 1 hour/session during 18 weeks. Intensity determined from 6 to 9 points, controlled by the Resistance exercise scale of perceived exertion (OMNI-RES).
2 sessions/week, 1 hour/session during 18 weeks. Intensity determined from 6 to 9 points, controlled by the Resistance exercise scale of perceived exertion (OMNI-RES).
No exercise
Changes in trunk and hip isokinetic and isometric muscular flexion/extension peak torque, given in Newtons per meter.
assessed on a Biodex System III Pro Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex Medical System, NY, USA).
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks"
Changes in displacement of the center of pressure (millimeters) and time spent standing on two feet, tandem and monopodal display.
assessed with a portable force platform (Kistler, 9286AA).
Time frame: Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks"
Changes in time spent to accomplish the Timed Up and Go test for dynamic balance
participants will be given instructions to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters as quickly and safely as possible, turn around a cone, walk back and sit down.
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks"
number of falls
number of falls registration
Time frame: participants will be followed every 4 weeks
Changes in time to accomplish the protocol GDLAM for assessing functional autonomy
protocol GDLAM consists of: 10 meters walking speed, standing up from a chair during 5 times, get up the floor from the ventral decubitus position, standing up from a chair and walk around a triangular circuit, and putting on and taking off a T-shirt.
Time frame: Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks
Changes in bone mineral, lean mass (nonbone), and fat mass for total body, head, chest, trunk, hip, right and left legs and arms regions.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
assessed with a dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry (XR-46, Norland Corp., Fort Atkinson, USA).
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks"
Changes in score from the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) to measure habitual physical activity.
The PASE is comprised of self-reported occupational, household and leisure items over a one-week period.
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks"
Changes in the Katz scale index to assess the independence to develop basic activities of daily living
It summarizes performance in six functions: namely, bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence and feeding.
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 18 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 30 weeks"
Changes in the Lawton and Brody's scale index to assess the independence to develop instrumental activities of daily living
It encomprises eight functional abilities, such as the use of the telephone, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry, mode of transport, taking medication and handling finances.
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 22 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 34 weeks"
Changes in the Mini-Mental State score to assess the cognitive function
It covers orientation, memory, attention, calculation, recall and language
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 22 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 34 weeks"
Changes in the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage (GDSy) score to determine the affective function
It is composed of 15 questions that cover a wide variety of topics relevant to depression, such as somatic complaints, cognitive complaints, motivations, future/past orientation, self-image, losses, agitation, obsessive traits, and mood itself.
Time frame: "Changes from baseline at 22 weeks" and "Changes from baseline at 34 weeks"