Parabolic Flight Induced Neuroplasticity Studied With Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods

Overview

Weightlessness profoundly modifies many physiological systems and especially the nervous system and the vestibular system. The changes in the nervous system are based in part on brain plasticity mechanisms, that is to say on modifications of neurons and their connections. They are the source of some of the behavioral response observed in the parabolic flight or in astronauts. For example, it is commonly observed that in the second and third days of parabolic flight campaigns with 3 flights, fewer participants are prone to motion sickness during the first day. Similarly, during their first trip into space, astronauts suffer 2/3 for 2 or 3 days of space sickness - special form of motion sickness - while this proportion is much lower in the second trip. The hypothesis of this study is that short-term weightlessness as well as changes in the level of gravity experienced during parabolic flights, induce neuroplascity phenomena in brain regions involved in the integration of vestibular, visual and proprioceptive. The goal is to objectify these plasticity phenomena, and assess their changes over time, using methods of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). A standard MRI will give an anatomical image of the brain. For this study, a variant called diffusion MRI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging - DTI) will visualize nerve bundles and their journey in the brain. The total duration of this review will be about ¾ hour. The results of this study will be compared with those of an ongoing study of 12 astronauts who have the same MRI scans taken before and after a trip to the International Space Station. Investigators can then evaluate the effect of duration of exposure to weightlessness on the phenomena of neuroplasticity.