Docetaxel and Capecitabine With Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with measurable disease that is either recurrent after attempted cure with surgery and/or radiation therapy or newly diagnosed disease with distant metastases or incurable at diagnosis * Performance status: Karnofsky score \>= 70 or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2 * Age 19 years or older (age of consent in Nebraska); age 18 years or older (applicable to states where the age of majority is 18) * No prior chemotherapy for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; subjects who have received chemotherapy as part of a multi-modality curative approach for head and neck cancer will be eligible as long as they have not received either docetaxel or capecitabine (or fluorouracil \[5-FU\]) as part of that regimen * White blood cell (WBC) count \>= 3,500/mm\^3 * Platelet count \>= 100,000/mm\^3 * Serum creatinine less than 1.5 times the upper limits of normal * Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than 1.5 times the upper limits of normal * Serum alkaline phosphatase less than 2.5 times the upper limits of normal * Serum total bilirubin is less than or equal to the upper limits of normal * Prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal unless subject is receiving anticoagulants; if the subject is on anticoagulation therapy, levels should be within therapeutic range * Women of reproductive potential must be non-pregnant and non-nursing and must agree to employ an effective barrier method of birth control throughout the study and for up to 6 months following treatment * Women of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days of initiating study; (no childbearing potential is defined as age 55 years or older and no menses for two years or any age with surgical removal of the uterus and/or both ovaries) * The subject must be aware of the neoplastic nature of his/her disease and willingly provide written, informed consent after being informed of the procedure to be followed, the experimental nature of the therapy, alternatives, potential benefits, side-effects, risks, and discomforts Exclusion Criteria: * Prior chemotherapy for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; subjects who have received chemotherapy as part of a multi-modality curative approach for head and neck cancer will be eligible as long as they have not received either docetaxel or capecitabine (or 5-FU) as part of that regimen * Allergy to either of the study medications or 5-fluorouracil * Simultaneous participation in other therapeutic clinical trials will not be allowed * If a subject is receiving allopurinol/cimetidine/antivirals they must be discontinued prior to starting this protocol * Prior malignancy, except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or thyroid cancer; carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast; prostate cancer of Gleason grade 6 or less with stable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (gonadotropin-releasing hormone \[GnRH\] analogs or androgen receptor blockers acceptable); or other cancers from which the subject has been disease-free for at least five years * Uncontrolled intercurrent illnesses including, but not limited to symptomatic congestive heart failure, severe oxygen dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unstable angina or uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia that could jeopardize the subject?s ability to receive the chemotherapy described in the protocol safely * Pregnant and nursing women are excluded from this study * Inability to co-operate with the study visit schedule and other requirements of the protocol * Any other clinically significant medical disease or condition laboratory abnormality or psychiatric illness that, in the Investigator?s opinion, may interfere with protocol adherence or a subject?s ability to give informed consent