The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of a one-time intranasal administration of the oxytocin, vasopressin, or placebo on prosocial decision making such as cooperation and competition in a healthy population of student controls.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
432
Through the use of 2ml bottles attached with metered nasal pumps (1 puff = .1ml), participants will self-administer 24 IU Oxytocin. 5 puffs per nostril (1 puff = 2.5 IU Oxytocin).
Through the use of 2ml bottles attached with metered nasal pumps (1 puff = .1ml), participants will self-administer 20 IU vasopressin. 5 puffs per nostril (1 puff = 2 IU vasopressin).
Through the use of 2ml bottles attached with metered nasal pumps (1 puff = .1ml), participants will self-administer 5 puffs per nostril. Placebo consists of: di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, critic acid, sodium chloride, glycerin, benzalkonium chloride and aqua bidest.
Hadassah University Medical Organization
Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Preferences for competitive vs cooperative compensations and monetary allocations as measured by participants monetary allocations and compensation choice
A group analysis will compare compensations preference (competitive vs. noncompetitive), performance and outcomes and monetary allocations on several economic games between the oxytocin, vasopressin and placebo groups.
Time frame: approximately 45 minutes after intranasal administration of vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo
Redistribution preferences as measured by participants' tax rate determination
Participants will choose redistribution of monetary units by determined tax rate (high vs. low). Each participant gets a different amount of monetary units (ranging from 10 to 150). Using a mixed 2 (above vs. below group mean of monetary units) x 3 (oxytocin, vasopressin, placebo) factorial design, comparisons of these tax rate preference will then be made for those in the oxytocin vs. vasopressin vs. placebo groups. Main effects of drug condition (oxytocin, vasopressin, placebo) and monetary condition (above, below group mean), as well as an interaction between drug condition and monetary condition will be analyzed at a significance level of p\<.05.
Time frame: approximately 45 minutes after intranasal administration of vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo
Willingness to compete as measured by participants compensation choice.
Willingness to compete will be measured by participants' preference whether to compete against other participant for a monetary payment or to get a smaller payment for their non-competitive piece rate performance on maze solving task. We will analyses performance and payment preference (competitive vs. noncompetitive) between oxytocin, vasopressin and placebo at a significance level of p\<.05.
Time frame: approximately 45 minutes after intranasal administration of vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo
Monetary offers in public goods game
Participants in two rival teams will offer monetary units for the right to take part in a lottery (higher team's offer = higher odds to win). Members of each team may, for a monetary cost, impose a tax on their team members. We will compare monetary offers and taxes' impose pattern between oxytocin, vasopressin and placebo groups at a significance level of p\<.05 .
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Time frame: approximately 45 minutes after intranasal administration of vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo
Bargaining performance as assessed by participants' earnings in bargaining compensation
Analysis will compare negotiation outcomes, in terms of monetary units earnings between oxytocin, vasopressin and placebo groups at a significance level of p\<.05.
Time frame: approximately 45 minutes after intranasal administration of vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo
Monetary offers in all pay auction
Analysis will compare participants' monetary offers in multi-participants all-pay auction between oxytocin, vasopressin and placebo groups at a significance level of p\<.05.
Time frame: approximately 45 minutes after intranasal administration of vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo
Negative hypothesis test strategy usage on Wason's-rule-discovery-task after exposure to trustworthy/untrustworthy face
Number of positive hypothesis tests (compare to 'negative-test') out of 6 participants' generated tests. Analysis will compare number of positive tests (vs. negative tests) between oxytocin, vasopressin and placebo groups at a significance level of p\<.05.
Time frame: approximately 45 minutes after intranasal administration of vasopressin, oxytocin, or placebo
Positive and negative affect scale (PANAS)
Using the Positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) we will measure participants emotional reaction to Oxytocin, vasopressin and placebo. Participants will report their current mood by rate the level they feel 20 different emotions at the moment on a the PANAS scale, ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much).
Time frame: approximately one hour and fifteen minutes after administration of oxytocin, vasopressin or placebo
Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) as measured by self reporting
Participants will report their fear of evaluation by rate how much 12 statements characterize them. participants will use a scale ranging from 1 ("Not at all characteristic me") to 5 ("Extremely characteristic of me").
Time frame: approximately one hour and fifteen minutes after administration of oxytocin, vasopressin or placebo
Social value orientation as measured by monetary allocations preferences
Participants will make decisions regarding the allocation of monetary units between themselves and other participants. We will measure the quantity of monetary units kept for themselves vs. given to other participants.
Time frame: approximately one hour and fifteen minutes after administration of oxytocin, vasopressin or placebo