This study aimed to determine whether PATH-wSP, a vaccine against a germ that causes pneumonia, is safe and induces immune responses in adults and toddlers. The study vaccine was compared to placebo. First adults received 2 injections of a lower dose of the vaccine or placebo, 28 days apart. Since the lower dose was considered safe, a higher dose was tested. Once the safety was established in adults the lower and higher dose was tested in toddlers, starting with the lower dose and then the higher dose.
S. pneumoniae whole cell vaccine (SPWCV) is a vaccine candidate made from whole unencapsulated pneumococcal cells and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (Alum). After adsorption of the Alum to SPWCV, the vaccine is referred to as PATH-wSP. PATH-wSP has been previously tested in Phase 1/2 studies in healthy US adults (VAC-002), and in healthy Kenyan adults and toddlers (VAC-010) and showed a favorable safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profile. The SPWCV and Alum used in previous Phase 1/2 trials were supplied separately in a two-vial configuration; the SPWCV was manufactured at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the Alum at Instituto Butantan. A single-vial formulation of PATH wSP, an adsorbed suspension of SPWCV and Alum, has now been manufactured by PT Bio Farma, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability of this new formulation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
248
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme; Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast
Kilifi, Kenya
Highest Grade of Reactogenicity Events in the Adult Cohort: Vaccination 1
Solicited adverse events (AEs) were referred to as reactogenicity events (REs). Local REs included pain, induration/swelling, and erythema/redness at the injection site for adults; and pain/tenderness, redness, and induration/swelling for toddlers. Solicited systemic REs included cutaneous rash, headache, axillary fever/temperature, fatigue/malaise, and arthralgia/myalgia. Solicited REs were assessed for all subjects during the 60 minutes post-vaccination, daily for the first week, and at the clinic visit 1 week post-vaccination. Within the first week post-vaccination, fieldworkers visited the subject at home daily to assess and record solicited reactogenicity and determine whether the subject needed to be seen by the principal investigator (PI) for any medical condition or issue. Generally, grade 1 was no interference with activity, grade 2 was some interference with activity, and grade 3 was prevents daily activity. Grade 0 is equivalent to no event.
Time frame: 7 days after the first dose (Day 7)
Highest Grade of Reactogenicity Events in the Adult Cohort: Vaccination 2
Solicited adverse events (AEs) were referred to as reactogenicity events (REs). Local REs included pain, induration/swelling, and erythema/redness at the injection site for adults; and pain/tenderness, redness, and induration/swelling for toddlers. Solicited systemic REs included cutaneous rash, headache, axillary fever/temperature, fatigue/malaise, and arthralgia/myalgia. Solicited REs were assessed for all subjects during the 60 minutes post-vaccination, daily for the first week, and at the clinic visit 1 week post-vaccination. Within the first week post-vaccination, fieldworkers visited the subject at home daily to assess and record solicited reactogenicity and determine whether the subject needed to be seen by the principal investigator (PI) for any medical condition or issue. Generally, grade 1 was no interference with activity, grade 2 was some interference with activity, and grade 3 was prevents daily activity.
Time frame: 7 days after the second dose (Day 35)
Highest Grade of Reactogenicity Events in the Toddler Cohort: Vaccination 1
Solicited adverse events (AEs) were referred to as reactogenicity events (REs). Local REs included pain, induration/swelling, and erythema/redness at the injection site for adults; and pain/tenderness, redness, and induration/swelling for toddlers. Solicited systemic REs included cutaneous rash, axillary fever/temperature, drowsiness, irritability, and decreased appetite. Solicited REs were assessed for all subjects during the 60 minutes post-vaccination, daily for the first week, and at the clinic visit 1 week post-vaccination. Within the first week post-vaccination, fieldworkers visited the subject at home daily to assess and record solicited reactogenicity and determine whether the subject needed to be seen by the PI for any medical condition or issue. Generally, grade 1 was no interference with activity, grade 2 was some interference with activity, and grade 3 was prevents daily activity. Grade 0 is equivalent to no event.
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Time frame: 7 days after the first dose (Day 7)
Highest Grade of Reactogenicity Events in the Toddler Cohort: Vaccination 2
Solicited adverse events (AEs) were referred to as reactogenicity events (REs). Local REs included pain, induration/swelling, and erythema/redness at the injection site for adults; and pain/tenderness, redness, and induration/swelling for toddlers. Solicited systemic REs included cutaneous rash, axillary fever/temperature, drowsiness, irritability, and decreased appetite. Solicited REs were assessed for all subjects during the 60 minutes post-vaccination, daily for the first week, and at the clinic visit 1 week post-vaccination. Within the first week post-vaccination, fieldworkers visited the subject at home daily to assess and record solicited reactogenicity and determine whether the subject needed to be seen by the PI for any medical condition or issue. Generally, grade 1 was no interference with activity, grade 2 was some interference with activity, and grade 3 was prevents daily activity. Grade 0 is equivalent to no event.
Time frame: 7 days after the second dose (Day 35)
Number of Adverse Events (AE), by Relation to Vaccine and Seriousness
Only treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were included in the analysis; adverse events (AEs) that were not TEAEs were to have been listed.
Time frame: 112 days
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Antibody Geometric Mean Concentration Against Pneumococcal Proteins
Proteins were measured on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform using an an electrochemiluminescence detection assay. Units were arbitrary.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks after vaccination 2 (Day 0 and Day 112)
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Antibody Geometric Mean Fold Change Against Pneumococcal Proteins
Between baseline and 28 days after vaccination 2. Proteins were measured on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform using an an electrochemiluminescence detection assay.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks after vaccination 2 (Day 0 and Day 112)
Number of Subjects With Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Seroresponse
Between baseline and 28 days after vaccination 2. Proteins were measured on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform using an an electrochemiluminescence detection assay.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks after vaccination 2 (Day 0 and Day 112)