The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factor of toxic maculopathy who treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine due to their autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Total 5-year of the study periods, the investigators will screen these patients by baseline examination (Fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, Humphrey visual field test and multifocal electroretinography) and observe with same examination for every year.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
124
First, patients will get the baseline ophthalmologic exam and medical evaluation by physicians. As a diagnostic method, the composite examination including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, Humphrey visual field test and multifocal electroretinography will be tested once every year.
Asan Medical Center
Seoul, South Korea
RECRUITINGIncidence of toxic maculopathy associated with HCQ or CQ
Time frame: 1 years
Risk factor of HCQ/CQ retinopathy
Time frame: 5 years
Characteristics and type of HCQ/CQ retinopathy (parafoveal or pericentral retinopathy)
Time frame: 5 years
Progression of retinopathy after drug cessation
Time frame: 1 years
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