Comparison of Systematic Surgery Versus Surveillance and Rescue Surgery in Operable Oesophageal Cancer With a Complete Clinical Response to Radiochemotherapy

Inclusion Criteria: * Epidermoid carcinoma (EC) or adenocarcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus or adenocarcinoma of the oesogastric junction (Siewert type I or II) proven histologically * Stage cT2 N1-3 M0 or cT3-T4a N0 or N1-3 M0 after a full investigation * Patient considered operable with a curative intent and scheduled to undergo first-line radiochemotherapy in a multidisciplinary meeting * Age ≥ 18 years \< 75 years * Patient with national health insurance cover and who has provided written informed consent for the clinical and biological studies. Exclusion Criteria: * Cancer of the cervical oesophagus (15 to 19 cm from the dental arches) * Weight loss \> 15% at the recruitment with no improvement after nutritional support * Serious comorbidity threatening survival in the short term * Contra-indication for radiochemotherapy * Other uncured malignant disease in the 5 previous years (except for in situ cervical carcinoma and treated non-melanotic skin cancers) * Absence of effective contraception in patients (men or women) able to procreate, pregnant or breast-feeding women * Impossibility to follow the trial * Legal disqualification (patients in custody or under guardianship)