Epidermis that lacks moisture and/or sebum presents as dry skin, which is often characterized by a pattern of fine lines, scaling and itching. In dry skin, the barrier function may be compromised. Skin care practices to decrease the risk of development of dry skin and/or to improve dry skin condition have barely been investigated. Bathing with bath oils has been shown to increase skin hydration, thus helping to stabilize skin barrier function. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of bathing every other day on the skin barrier. Functional parameters, such as TEWL, stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and skin-pH (pH) were measured to characterize skin barrier function.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Berlin, Germany
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h at the Left Mid Volar Forearm
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Rogiers 2001). This open chamber intrument measured water evaporation from the skin by temperature and humidity sensors inside the cylinder. Means of triple measurements per skin area in g/m2/h on the left midvolar forearm. Visit 3 (day 28) - end of study visit
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h at the Left Mid Volar Forearm
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Rogiers 2001). This open chamber intrument measured water evaporation from the skin by temperature and humidity sensors inside the cylinder. Means of triple measurements per skin area in g/m2/h on the left midvolar forearm. Visit 2 (day14) - intermediate visit
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Rogiers 2001). This open chamber intrument measured water evaporation from the skin by temperature and humidity sensors inside the cylinder. Means of triple measurements per skin area in g/m2/h at the right lateral lower leg. Visit 2 (day14)
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Rogiers 2001). This open chamber intrument measured water evaporation from the skin by temperature and humidity sensors inside the cylinder. Means of triple measurements per skin area in g/m2/h at the right lateral lower leg. Visit 3 (day 28)
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
SCH was measured using the Corneometer (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines which measured the hydratation level of the stratum corneum as electrical capacitance (Berardesca et al. 1997). The higher the values, the higher the SCH. Per investigational site three replicate measurements were carried out. Visit 2 (day 14)
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
SCH was measured using the Corneometer (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines which measured the hydratation level of the stratum corneum as electrical capacitance (Berardesca et al. 1997). The higher the values, the higher is SCH. Per investigational site three replicate measurements were carried out. Visit 3 (day 28)
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in µm at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra=mean roughness
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in µm at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra=mean roughness
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in µm at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. The parameter Rz was calculated. Rz=mean roughness of five equally spaced sampling lenghts.
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in µm at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. The parameter Rz was calculated. Rz=mean roughness of five equally spaced sampling lenghts.
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Skin Surface pH at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
Skin surface pH was measured using the Skin-pH-Meter PH905 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Parra et al. 2003). The pH of the skin surface may differ from the pH of the stratum corneum. Means of triple measurements/images per skin area.
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Skin Surface pH at the Right Lateral Lower Leg
Skin surface pH was measured using the Skin-pH-Meter PH905 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Parra et al. 2003). The pH of the skin surface may differ from the pH of the stratum corneum. Means of triple measurements/images per skin area.
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Left Arm
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 2 (day14) - intermediate visit
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Left Arm
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness by the investigator using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks)
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Right Arm
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 2 (day14)
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Right Arm
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 3 (day 28)
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Left Lower Leg
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 2 (day 14) - intermediate visit
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Left Lower Leg
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 3 (day 28) - end of study visit
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Right Lower Leg
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 2 (day 14) - intermediate visit
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Right Lower Leg
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 3 (day 28)
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Trunk
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 2 (day 14)
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Overall Dry Skin (ODS) Score at the Trunk
The Overall Dry Skin score is a standardized instrument to clinically assess the presence or severity of skin dryness using a five point rating scale according to Serup1995, Kang et al. 2014 on both arms, lower legs and trunk. (0=Absent, 1=Faint scaling, faint roughness and dull appearance, 2=Small scales in combination with a few larger scales, slight roughness and whitish appearance, 3=Small and larger scales uniformly distributed, definite roughness, possibly slight redness and possibly a few superficial cracks, 4=Dominated by large scales, advanced roughness, redness present, eczematous changes and cracks) Visit 3 (day 28) - end of study visit
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Left Midvolar Forearm
SCH was measured using the Corneometer (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines which measured the hydratation level of the stratum corneum as electrical capacitance (Berardesca et al. 1997). The higher the values, the higher the SCH. Per investigational site three replicate measurements were carried out. Visit 2 (day 14)
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Left Midvolar Forearm
SCH was measured using the Corneometer (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines which measured the hydratation level of the stratum corneum as electrical capacitance (Berardesca et al. 1997). The higher the values, the higher the SCH. Per investigational site three replicate measurements were carried out. Visit 3 (day 28)
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in µm at the Left Midvolar Forearm
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra=mean roughness
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in µm at the Left Midvolar Forearm
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra=mean roughness
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in µm at the Left Midvolar Forearm
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. The parameter Rz was calculated. Rz=mean roughness of five equally spaced sampling lenghts.
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in µm at the Left Midvolar Forearm
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. The parameter Rz was calculated. Rz=mean roughness of five equally spaced sampling lenghts.
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
Skin Surface pH at the Left Midvolar Forearm
Skin surface pH was measured using the Skin-pH-Meter PH905 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Parra et al. 2003). The pH on the skin surface may differ from the pH of the stratum corneum. Means of triple measurements/images per skin area.
Time frame: Day 14 +/- 2
Skin Surface pH at the Left Midvolar Forearm
Skin surface pH was measured using the Skin-pH-Meter PH905 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) according to international guidelines (Parra et al. 2003). The pH on the skin surface may differ from the pH of the stratum corneum. Means of triple measurements/images per skin area.
Time frame: Day 28 +/- 3
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