Glycemic and Metabolic Responses of Frozen Yogurt Containing Saskatoon Berry Powder in Healthy Males and Females

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male, or non-pregnant, non-lactating female, ≥18 and ≤35 years; 2. Normal blood lipid profile, creatinine \<1.5× upper limit of normal (ULN) where the normal range is ≥7 units/L and ≤56 units/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \<2× ULN where the normal range is ≥0.7 mg/dL and ≤1.3 mg/dL, and glycated hemoglobin \<6%; 3. Blood pressure \<140/90 4. Body mass index (BMI) ≥20 and \<30; 5. Stable regime for the past 3 months if taking vitamin and mineral/dietary/ herbal supplements; 6. Agree not to eat Saskatoon berries or foods containing Saskatoon berries while participating in this study; 7. Willing to comply with the protocol requirements; 8. Willing to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Not able to consume yogurt or allergies to Saskatoon berries or ingredients in yogurt or bread; 2. Presence of a clinically diagnosed disease affecting the circulatory, respiratory, immune, skeletal, urinary, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous or reproductive system that requires medical treatment; 3. Taking any prescribed medication in the last 3 months or supplements that affect gastrointestinal function in the last 3 months; 4. Weight loss of ≥3 kg of body weight within the 6 months prior to enrolling in the study; 5. Current (within the last month) bacterial, viral or fungal infection, or over-the-counter medication within the past 72 hours; 6. Unable to obtain blood samples at the screening or the first study visit.