In this study, investigators will examine the behavioral effects and neurophysiological mechanisms of the pro-social neuropeptide oxytocin in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. Such research is a necessary first step towards identifying whether intranasal oxytocin administration can serve as an adjunct treatment for social impairments in schizophrenia. Aim 1: To quantify the effects of exogenous oxytocin on social cognition and behavior in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. Hypothesis A: Patients and healthy comparison subjects will show enhanced social cognition (e.g., improved interpretation of paralinguistic and emotional cues, such as those involved in emotional or sarcastic communication) after administration of oxytocin versus placebo. Hypothesis B: Patients and healthy comparison subjects will show increased attention to others' eyes and patients will exhibit increased facial affect expressivity after administration of oxytocin versus placebo. Aim 2: To examine the effects of exogenous oxytocin on persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia (PNS) activity in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. Hypothesis A: Patients and healthy comparison subjects will demonstrate increased PNS activity during social tasks after administration of oxytocin versus placebo. Hypothesis B (exploratory): Patients and healthy comparison subjects' improvements in social cognition and behavior will be predicted by the degree to which oxytocin increases their PNS activity.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
120
40 IU of the oxytocin will be administered intranasally for a one time dose at the beginning of the visit.
40 IU of the saline nasal spray will be administered once at the beginning of the visit.
San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center
San Francisco, California, United States
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, United States
Improvement in social cognition task performance
The outcome will be the number of tasks that improve on the oxytocin day compared to the placebo day in a panel of tasks designed to measure the subject's level of social cognition. Participants will complete social cognition tasks, which include the Auction Task, Devil's Task, Ultimatum Task, Verbal Prosody, Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), and Passive Viewing Eyetracking.
Time frame: 2-days at least 1-week apart
Pre-morbid IQ Questionnaire (AmNART)
The American National Adult Reading Test (AMNART) is an instrument used to estimate premorbid verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in adults. Participants are shown 45 words one at a time and are asked to read the word aloud. The scorer then writes 0 if the participant read the word incorrectly or 1 if the pronunciation is correct.
Time frame: 1 day
Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) Questionnaire
The ECR is used to evaluate the construct of adult attachment. The scale involves 36 itemized statements split into four parts, each part referring to a different attachment figure. Participants rank each item using a 7-point likert scale.
Time frame: 1 day
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)
The CTQ is a brief survey of 6 early traumatic experiences, including death, divorce, violence, sexual abuse, illness or other. The scale determines and assesses an individual's understanding of their childhood trauma, if applicable.
Time frame: 1 day
Emotional Quotient Scale (EQS)
The EQ is a 60-item self-report questionnaire that is designed to measure empathy in adults. Participants use a 4 item likert scale to record their responses (1=definitely agree, 4= definitely disagree).
Time frame: 1 day
Kinsey Scale
The Kinsey scale attempts to describe a person's sexual orientation using a scale from 0 (i.e. heterosexual) to 6 (i.e. homosexual).
Time frame: 1 day
Change in Working Memory capacity
This task determines a participant's working memory capacity using the University of Maryland Letter Number Span Assessment. This asks 24 questions of increasing working memory difficulty and the total correct is calculated. Investigators will measure the change in the total correct between oxytocin and placebo days.
Time frame: 2-days at least 1-week apart
Change in Auditory Perception correctness
The Sound Sweeps task determines auditory perception ability by measuring changes in pitches to sounds. Investigators will measure the change in the total correct responses between oxytocin and placebo days.
Time frame: 2-days at least 1-week apart
Change in Auditory Perception reaction time
The Sound Sweeps task determines auditory perception ability by measuring changes in pitches to sounds. Investigators will measure the change in the reaction time between oxytocin and placebo days.
Time frame: 2-days at least 1-week apart
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.