Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension With Sodium (Na) Reduction for Chinese Canadians

Inclusion Criteria: * were at least 45 years old; * had a systolic blood pressure 140 to 159 mmHg, or a diastolic blood pressure 90 to 99 mmHg, based on pre-intervention baseline assessment; * were able to understand (listen) and speak in Mandarin, read and write in Chinese; and * had access to a telephone. Exclusion Criteria: * used antihypertensive medications or other medications that raise or lower blood pressure during the previous three months; * used TCM or professional TCM counselling to decrease blood pressure during the previous three months; * used insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents during the previous three months; * had a history of a cardiovascular event (stroke, myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass surgery, or other arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease related therapeutic procedure) during the previous three months; * had a history of congestive heart failure; * had a cancer diagnosis or treatment during the past two years; * had special dietary requirements; * were pregnant, breast feeding, or planned for pregnancy prior to the anticipated end of study; * were a household member of another DASHNa-CC participant; or * planned to leave the area prior to the anticipated end of study.