Subglottic Secretions Surveillance to Predict Bacterial Pathogens Involved in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Rate of adjudicated VAP in which the bacteria involved have been, previously, detected with the tracheal secretions culture surveillance.

For each episode of VAP, bacteria involved will be compared with bacteria isolated, previously, into the tracheal secretions. This comparison will be performed by the microbiologist of each center. A bacteria isolated into the tracheal secretions will be considered as the same than the one involved in VAP if these 2 same microorganisms have the same antibiotics susceptibility. Moreover, for the comparison, the third last tracheal secretions samples, if available, obtained before the VAP occurrence will be taking account.

Time frame: Until weaning of mechanical ventilation, an expected average of 10 days

Adequate probabilistic antibiotherapy initiated during the study by the investigators in case of adjudicated VAP

Proportion of VAP for whom the probabilistic antibiotherapy used during the trial appeared to be empirically active

Time frame: Until weaning of mechanical ventilation, an expected average of 10 days

Adequate theoretical probabilistic antibiotherapy with the knowledge of the subglottic culture surveillance

Proportion of adjudicated VAP for whom a theoretical probabilistic antibiotherapy would be empirically active with the knowledge of the results of the subglottic secretions samples obtained more than 3 days before the occurrence of VAP. The theoretical antibiotherapy will be determined by an independent committee unaware of the type of samples evaluated (subglottic or tracheal secretions).

Time frame: Until weaning of mechanical ventilation, an expected average of 10 days

Adequate theoretical probabilistic antibiotherapy with the knowledge of the tracheal culture surveillance

Proportion of adjudicated VAP for whom a theoretical probabilistic antibiotherapy would be empirically active with the knowledge of the results of the tracheal secretions samples obtained more than 3 days before the occurrence of VAP. The theoretical antibiotherapy will be determined by an independent committee unaware of the type of samples evaluated (subglottic or tracheal secretions).

Time frame: Until weaning of mechanical ventilation, an expected average of 10 days