Evaluate the treatment with regorafenib in patients with metastatic and/or unresectable KIT/PDGFR wild type GIST in the first line setting.
The SDH complex is involved in mitochondrial Krebs cycle and defects in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex have identified, as previously mentioned, in KIT/PDGFR WT. This complex, SDH, has 4 subunits (A-D) and SDH-A or SDH-B are involved in oxidization succinate to fumarate. Therefore, loss of function owing to mutational inactivation leads to the cytoplasmic accumulation of succinate which downregulates prolyl hydroxylase. This enzyme has a negative regulator role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) since promotes its proteasomal degradation. Increased levels of HIF1α can enter the nucleus and activate the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)24. In fact, the VEGFR expression is higher in KIT/PDGFR WT than in KIT mutant GISTs25. Approximately 50% of KIT/PDGFR WT show high expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFR1). This expression may correlate also with the loss of SDH due to IGF autocrine loop26. IGFR signals through both MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways. As previously mentioned, Regorafenib is able to block MAPK signaling pathway at different levels. Interestingly, early interstitial Cajal cell (ICC) progenitors have a phenotype of KITlowCD44+CD34+IGFR+ while committed lineage of progenitors have KIThighCD44+CD34-IGFR-. Unlike mature or more committed lineage of ICCs, the KITlowCD44+CD34+IGFR+ display resistance to Imatinib in spite of kit signaling pathway activation. Thus Regorafenib could gain advantage over Imatinib for treating KIT/PDGFR WT27,28. On the other hand, other subsets within of KIT/PDGFR WT as B-RAF mutants or NF1-associated GIST could also be sensitive to Regorafenib. In this later subset, protein expression of phospho-MAPK was seen in 92% of cases in a series of 25 patients29. Theoretically Regorafenib could also act blocking STAT3, which is activated by RET proto-oncogen, through RET inhibition. STAT3 is implicated as downstream pathway signal in GIST30. Taken together, the previous data suggests Regorafenib could play a relevant role as upfront treatment of metastatic or unresectable locally advanced KIT/PDGFR WT GIST. Subjects will receive 160mg (4 tablets) of regorafenib once a day every day for 3 weeks of every 4 week cycle (i.e., 3 weeks on, 1 week off). The study drug will be orally administered. Doses of study drug may be delayed or reduced in case of clinically significant hematologic and other toxicities. Toxicities will be graded using the CTCAE v 4.03. The modifications of regorafenib are detailed in the protocol for general event, Hand Foot Skin Reaction, Hypertension and drug-related liver function test abnormalities.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
15
Treatment with regorafenib 160mg once a day, 3 weeks on / 1 week off in cycles of 28 days
Institute Bergonie
Bordeaux, France
Centre Leon Berard
Lyon, France
Gustave Roussy
Disease Control Rate
the sum of complete responses (CR) + partial responses (PR) + stable disease (SD).
Time frame: every 8 weeks during 36 months
Progression free survival
Number of months without progression
Time frame: every 8 weeks during 36 months
Overall survival
Number of months alive
Time frame: Every 8 weeks during 36 months
Responses determined by CHOI
Measure tumor size
Time frame: every 8 weeks during 36 months
Correlation with translational research
Relation between the clinical data obtained and the data obtained from translational research
Time frame: After 36 months of recruitment
Safety (adverse events following CTCAE v4.03)
Evaluation of adverse events following CTCAE v4.03
Time frame: Every 28 days until 30 days after last dose
Early metabolic response by PET scan
Evaluation of metabolic response to treatment
Time frame: After 1 month of starting treatment
Quality of life by EORCT QLQ C30 questionnaire
EORCT QLQ C30 questionnaires
Time frame: Day 1 of each cycle. Pre-treatment administration
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Villejuif, France
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Dei Tumori di Milano
Milan, Italy
Fondazione G Pascale Napoli
Napoli, Italy
Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico
Roma, Italy
Istituto di Candiolo - IRCSS
Torino, Italy
Hospital Universitario de Canarias
San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain
Hospital de Cruces
Barakaldo, Spain
Hospital Universitario Vall d´hebron
Barcelona, Spain
...and 7 more locations
Quality of life by EQ-ED-5L questionnaire
EQ-ED-5L questionnaires
Time frame: Day 1 of each cycle. Pre-treatment administration